Shingi

This refers to the code of conduct for the monastic life practiced by the seishu (practitioners) in Zen Buddhist monasteries. It began with the "Hyakujo Qing Rui" (The Rules of Purity), which was compiled by Baizhang Huaihai (749-814) of the Tang Dynasty of China, based on the precepts of Mahayana Buddhism and Chinese customs and customs. This code was quickly dispersed and no longer exists, but it is considered important as a guidepost showing the establishment of Zen Buddhism, in line with the creation of the Toushi (tradition of Zen Buddhism) and Goroku (the unique questions of Zen practitioners). It is also highly regarded in the history of Buddhist precepts as a discipline that actively puts the Mahayana spirit into practice, as a response to the practical issues of Chinese Buddhism, and as a way of realizing the pinnacle of ritual and music. During the Song Dynasty, Choro Sosaku compiled the "Zen En Shingi" (1103) and revived the tradition. After that, Zen temples in China and Japan used this as a guideline to establish their own rules of purification that were appropriate for their own practices.

[Kiyū Kosaka]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

禅宗叢林(そうりん)で清衆(せいしゅ)（修行者）が実践する修道生活の規範をいう。中国唐の百丈懐海(ひゃくじょうえかい)（749―814）が大小乗の戒律や中国の礼俗を参考にして設けた『百丈清規』に始まる。これは早く散逸して伝わっていないが、燈史(とうし)（禅宗の伝統）や語録（禅者独自の法問）の成立と呼応して禅宗の確立を表す道標として重要視されるとともに、仏教の戒律史上に大乗精神を積極的に実践する規律として、また中国仏教の現実的課題にこたえるものとして、さらには礼楽の極致を実現するものとして評価されている。宋(そう)代に長廬宗賾(ちょうろそうさく)が『禅苑清規(ぜんえんしんぎ)』（1103）を編述して再興し、以後これを指標に中国・日本の禅院でおのおのに適合した清規が次々と制定されることになった。

［小坂機融］

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