Stone opening - Sekita

One of the leaders of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom in China. Born a wealthy Hakka farmer in Guixian, Guangxi Province. He participated in the 1851 Jintan Uprising and was enfeoffed as King of Wing. He was a skilled tactician, causing trouble for Zeng Guofan, who was in charge of suppressing the rebellion, while also achieving success in Anhui Province. After the leadership split in 1856, he led his troops out of Tianjing (Nanjing), passed through Zhejiang and Fujian, and returned to Guangxi, where he reformed the government system and separated from the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. In 1861, he left Guangxi and entered Sichuan, where he was surrounded by Qing troops at Dadu River in 1863, surrendered to Sichuan Governor Luo Bingzhang, and was executed. During the Cultural Revolution in China, he was criticized as a "landlord element who had infiltrated the revolutionary camp" and a "traitor," but after the Revolution he was evaluated as "he made mistakes, but his achievements were greater." A recently discovered manuscript of Mao Xianglin's "San Lue Hui Bian" contains "Shi Da Kai Jishu," which has been revealed to be closer to the original than the "Jishu" previously attached to "Luo Wenzhong Gong Manuscript."

[Kikuko Nishikawa]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、太平天国の指導者の1人。広西省貴県の客家(はっか)の富農出身。1851年金田蜂起(きんでんほうき)に参加、翼王に封ぜられた。戦術に優れ、鎮圧にあたった曽国藩(そうこくはん)を悩ませた一方、安徽(あんき)省で治績をあげた。56年指導部の分裂後、部隊を率いて天京(てんけい)（南京(ナンキン)）を去り、浙江(せっこう)、福建を経て広西に戻り、官制を改めて太平天国から旗幟(きし)を分かった。61年広西を出て四川(しせん)に入り、63年大渡河(だいとが)で清(しん)軍に包囲され、四川総督の駱秉章(らくへいしょう)に投降して処刑された。中国では文化大革命中に「革命陣営に紛れ込んだ地主分子」「裏切者」と非難されたが、文革後は「誤りも犯したが功績のほうが大きい」との評価がなされている。近年発見された毛祥麟(もうしょうりん)の『三略匯編(さんりゃくかいへん)』の原稿中に『石達開自述』が含まれており、従来の『駱文忠公奏稿(らくぶんちゅうこうそうこう)』に付された『自述』より原型に近いことが明らかにされた。

［西川喜久子］

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