Year-end gift - Seibo

Japanese: 歳暮 - せいぼ
Year-end gift - Seibo

It refers to giving gifts at the end of the year to people who have helped you in everyday life or to superiors with gratitude. Currently, it has become a formality along with the summer Chugen festival, and has a stronger ceremonial aspect. Originally, these two times were times to hold festivals for ancestors, and the roots of this custom lie in events where their descendants would bring food and eat and drink together. For that reason, in some regions, brides and grooms would cook food and take it to their parents' hometown on New Year's Day or Obon, and this was called "parent's meal." Also, when ingredients were brought and the recipient borrowed a pot to cook in, this was called "borrowing a pot." It seems that it took many years and the gradual forgetting of its meaning for this custom to change into the form of gift-giving.

Even in present-day year-end gifts, the custom of using fish such as salmon or yellowtail as gifts, and the custom of giving gifts called aramitama to houses that have experienced misfortune during the past year are still observed in some regions, and are thought to retain some of the original significance mentioned above.

[Hisako Maruyama]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

年の暮れに、平素世話になった人や、目上の人に感謝の心をもって物を贈ることをいう。現在では夏の中元(ちゅうげん)とともに形式化し、儀礼的な面が強くなっている。もともとこの二つの時期は先祖の祭りをするときで、その子孫が食物を持ち寄って共同飲食をするという行事に、この習俗の根源はあった。そのため地方によっては、正月や盆に嫁・婿が食物を調理して親里に持って行くことがあり、これを親の膳(ぜん)とよんだ。また材料を持って行って、先方で鍋(なべ)を借りて調理するのを鍋借りなどといった。このような習俗が、いつか贈答という形になるまでに変化したのは、長い年月とその意義の段階的忘却があったようである。

 現在の歳暮の贈答品にも、サケやブリなどのなまぐさものを用いる習わしや、その1年の間に不幸のあった家にアラミタマと称する贈り物をするという習俗が守られている地方があるなどは、前述のもともとの意義を残留しているとみられる。

[丸山久子]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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