Somatology

Japanese: 生体学 - せいたいがく(英語表記)somatology
Somatology
A branch of anthropology and anatomy that studies the body of living beings (and sometimes corpses) to the extent that it can be studied without dissection. Somatology can be divided into two fields, biometry and biometrics, based on the methodology. Biometry is the study of various characteristics on the surface of the body, such as skin color, amount of body hair, shape of eyes, nose, mouth, etc., and fingerprints, by observing them, and obtaining data qualitatively and step by step. In biometry, many measuring points are placed on the surface of the body, and the size and angle of the whole body and each part of the body are recorded by measuring the distance between them, and the index is calculated and compared. When studying living subjects, it is possible to supplement the changes in the development and growth of the same person, and various information about the subject can be obtained, making it possible to study multiple cases. Of course, there are many disadvantages associated with the subject being a living human being, but because of the advantages mentioned above, it has been widely studied and is considered indispensable, especially for research on race and growth. It was originally started by artists with a scientific attitude, particularly Leonardo da Vinci, but it has also been taken up in anthropology and anatomy, and is also important in medical education.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
人類学および解剖学の一分野で,生体 (ときには死体) について,解剖をせずに研究できる範囲の身体を対象とする学問。生体学は,その方法上,生体観察学と生体計測学の2つの分野に分けることができる。生体観察学は,皮膚の色や体毛の多少,目,鼻,口などの形態,指紋など体表上の諸特徴を観察によって研究する学問であり,定性的,段階的に資料を得るものである。生体計測学では,体表上に多数の計測点を設け,これらの間の距離を測定することによって,全身ならびに身体の各部分の大きさや角度を記録し,示数などを計算して比較検討する。生体を対象とした場合は,同一人物の発育成長の変化を補足することができ,さらに被験者に関する各種情報を得ることができ,多数例についての調査が可能である。もちろん,被験者が生きた人間であるために,これに伴う欠点も多いが,前述の利点のために,広く研究され,特に人種の研究や成長の調査のためには不可欠なものとされた。本来は,レオナルド・ダ・ビンチを中心とする科学的態度を保持する美術家によって始められたものであるが,人類学,解剖学で取上げられるとともに,医学教育のうえでも重視されている。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

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