Born: July 16, 1860, Larnells Died: April 30, 1943. A linguist and English scholar from Roskilde, Denmark. He studied under VLP Thomsen and others at the University of Copenhagen. He received his doctorate in 1891 for his research on English case, and became a professor of English at the same university in 1893. He argued that foreign language education should begin with everyday language. His contributions to phonetics, linguistic theory, the history of the English language, and the international language movement are highly regarded. His Lehrbuch der Phonetik (1904) is famous as an excellent general phonetics book. He was influenced by Darwin's theory of evolution early on, and opposed the previous theory of language degeneration. In Progress in Language (1894), he argued that language evolves and that language change proceeds in the most efficient direction. His seven-volume Modern English Grammar on Historical Principles (1909-49) demonstrated the above idea in the history of the English language, and was written from the standpoint that historical research is the scientific study of language. "Essentials of English Grammar" (33) is a summary of a part of it. His views on language are summarized in "Language: its Nature, Development and Origin" (22) and "Philosophy of Grammar" (24). He has written many other books as well. He has also had a great influence on English linguistics in Japan. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
[生]1860.7.16. ラーネルス [没]1943.4.30. ロスキレ デンマークの言語学者,英語学者。コペンハーゲン大学で V.L.P.トムセンらの指導を受ける。 1891年英語の格の研究で学位を得て,93年同大学の英語教授となる。外国語教育は日常用語から始めるべきことを主張。音声学,言語理論,英語史,国際語運動における貢献は高く評価されている。『音声学教本』 Lehrbuch der Phonetik (1904) は,すぐれた一般音声学書として著名。早くからダーウィンの進化論の影響を受け,それまでの言語退化説に反対し,『言語の発達』 Progress in Language (1894) で,言語は進化するものであり,言語変化は効率のよい方向に進むものであることを主張した。7巻から成る『現代英文法』 Modern English Grammar on Historical Principles (1909~49) は,上の考えを英語史において実証したもので,歴史的研究こそが言語の科学的研究であるとの立場に立って書かれたものである。『英文法精義』 Essentials of English Grammar (33) はその一部分の要約。彼の言語観を集大成したものが『言語,その本質,発達と起源』 Language: its Nature,Development and Origin (22) および『文法の原理』 Philosophy of Grammar (24) である。その他の著書多数。日本の英語学に与えた影響も大きい。 出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報 |
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