The vocal cords are a pair of mucous membrane protuberances in the larynx, vibrating with exhaled air to produce sound. The length of the vocal cords in Japanese adults is about 12 mm for males and about 9 mm for females. In children, the vocal cords are shorter, at about 5 mm for both boys and girls at age 8. They grow longer as the body grows, but grow rapidly at puberty, when the voice changes and the vocal cords reach the adult length. Inside the vocal cords are the vocal cord muscles. The space between the vocal cords on both sides is called the glottis, through which the respiratory air passes. When speaking, the glottis is closed by the action of the glottis closing muscle, and the exhaled air passes through it, vibrating the vocal cords to produce the primary laryngeal sound. The sound is resonated or modified by the pharynx, oral cavity, nasal cavity, trachea, lungs, etc. (also called vocal accessory organs) above and below the glottis, and becomes the voice we normally hear. When the vocal cords become swollen, develop a tumor, or become paralyzed, and the glottis is no longer able to close properly, the voice becomes hoarse. For information on animal vocal cords, please refer to the "pronunciation" section. [Masami Kawamura] [References] | | | | | |©Shogakukan "> Names of parts of the larynx Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
喉頭(こうとう)の中に左右1対ある粘膜の隆起で、呼気により振動して声を生成する器官をいう。日本人の声帯の長さは、成人男性で約12ミリメートル、女性で約9ミリメートルである。小児ではこれより短く、8歳児では男子も女子も約5ミリメートルで、体の成長につれて長くなるが、思春期に入るころに急速に成長して声変わりし、声帯は成人の長さになる。声帯の内部には声帯筋がある。両側の声帯の間を声門といい、そこを呼吸気が通過する。声を出すときには、声門閉鎖筋の働きで声門が閉鎖し、そこを呼気が通過して声帯を振動させることにより喉頭原音を発する。その音が声門の上下にある咽頭(いんとう)、口腔(こうくう)、鼻腔、気管、肺など(音声付属器官ともいう)で共鳴あるいは修飾され、通常われわれが聞いている声となる。声帯が腫(は)れたり、腫瘍(しゅよう)などができたり、声帯が麻痺(まひ)したりして、声門閉鎖が十分にできなくなると、声がかれる。 なお、動物の声帯については「発音」の項目を参照されたい。 [河村正三] [参照項目] | | | | | |©Shogakukan"> 喉頭の各部名称 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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