Handheld machine - Tebata

Japanese: 手機 - てばた
Handheld machine - Tebata

Also called hand looms or handlooms, these are looms that allow weaving primarily by hand. More precisely, they are looms that use the hands as well as some weaving actions transferred to the feet, with the warp threads opened using a foot pedal or foot rope, and the shuttle with the weft thread inserted between them alternately from the left and right using both hands to weave. Examples of this include primitive looms (including isaribata), jibata, takahata, and umayabata. The term can also include takahata with a flying shuttle (battan) device.

These were commonly used until the invention of the power loom, but because of their low weaving efficiency, they were gradually replaced by treadle looms and power looms. However, hand weaving generally produces fabrics with a firm texture, allows relatively free use of threads and special threads to be woven, and can produce complex patterns, stripes, and kasuri designs, and can even produce fabrics with a dense weave that is rainwater-resistant, so it continues to attract strong interest.

[Kadoyama Yukihiro]

[Reference] | Loom
Sitting machine
Sitting on a low platform, the weft threads are smashed into the weft using a large shuttle. ©Shogakukan ">

Sitting machine

Weaving and Indigo dyeing
A woman weaving a fabric on a handloom (left) and a woman dyeing indigo (right). "Shokunin-zukushi Utaawase" (Artisans' Poetry Contest), published in 1744 (Enkyo 1), held at the National Diet Library .

Weaving and Indigo dyeing


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

手織り織機、手織り機などともよび、主として手の動作によって製織することができる織機をいう。正確には、手によるほか、一部の製織動作を足に移したもので、踏竹(ふみだけ)あるいは足縄(あしなわ)によって経糸(たていと)を開口し、その間に両手で緯糸(よこいと)を入れた杼(ひ)を左右から交互に挿入して製織するものである。原始機(居座機(いざりばた)を含む)、地機(じばた)、高機(たかはた)、厩機(うまやばた)などがこれに相当する。なお飛杼(とびひ)(バッタン)装置をもつ高機をも含ませることがある。

 これらは動力織機が発明されるまで一般に使用されたが、製織能率が低いので、しだいに足踏織機、動織機(力織機)に置き換えられた。しかし手織りによるときは、一般的に地合いがしっかりとしたものや、比較的自由な糸遣いで特殊な糸を打ち込むことができ、また複雑な紋織組織や、縞(しま)・絣(かすり)文様をつくりだすことができ、ときには雨水も漏らない緻密(ちみつ)な組織のものさえ製織することができる利点があるので、根強い関心が払われている。

[角山幸洋]

[参照項目] | 織機
居座機
低い台に腰をかけ、大杼で打ち込んだ緯糸をしめ織る©Shogakukan">

居座機

機織と紺掻
手機で織物を織る女性(左)と、藍染めをする紺掻の女性(右)。『職人尽歌合』 1744年(延享1)刊国立国会図書館所蔵">

機織と紺掻


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