Born: April 15, 1793, Altona, Schleswig-Holstein [Died] November 23, 1864. St. Petersburg. A Russian astronomer born in Germany. He was the first of four generations of an astronomer family, sometimes called the "Struve dynasty." He fled Germany under Napoleon's occupation and enrolled in the University of Dorpat (Tartu, Estonia) (1808), and spent the rest of his time in Russia. He served as professor of astronomy and mathematics at Dorpat (1813), director of the university's observatory (1817), and director of the Pulkovo Observatory (1839). In 1824, using the largest reflecting telescope at the time, he observed and recorded about 120,000 stars, and recorded about 3,000 double stars (75% of which were new discoveries). His work can be said to have marked the beginning of modern research into double stars. He is also famous for measuring the parallax of Vega (the Weaver Girl). His main work is "Precise Observations of Double Stars" (Stellar duplicium mensurae micrometricae) (1837). In 2005, the Struve Geodetic Arc, a collection of observation points established between 1816 and 1855 in 34 locations in 10 countries from Norway to the Black Sea, was registered as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Struve |
[生]1793.4.15. シュレースウィヒホルシュタイン,アルトナ [没]1864.11.23. ペテルブルグ ドイツ生まれのロシアの天文学者。4代続いた天文学一家の初代で,「シュトルーベ王朝」と呼ばれることがある。ナポレオン占領下のドイツを逃れ,ドルパト大学 (エストニアのタルトゥ) に入学 (1808) してからのちはロシアで過ごす。ドルパト大学の天文学および数学教授 (1813) ,同大学天文台台長 (1817) ,プルコボ天文台台長 (1839) などを歴任。 1824年に,当時としては最大の反射望遠鏡を用いて,約 12万の恒星を観測,記録し,約 3000の二重星 (→重星 ) (うち 75%は新発見) を記録している。彼の業績によって二重星に関する近代的な研究が始まったといえる。ベガ (織女) の視差の測定も名高い。主著『二重星の精密観測』 Stellarum duplicium mensurae micrometricae (1837) 。なお,1816~55年に,シュトルーベを中心としてノルウェーから黒海にかけての 10ヵ国,34ヵ所に設定された観測点が,2005年シュトルーベの測地弧として世界遺産の文化遺産に登録された。 シュトルーベ
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