A special criminal court during the British absolute monarchy. One of the prerogative courts. Its name comes from the fact that it was held in the Star Chamber of the Palace of Westminster. Its origins date back to the early 14th century, when it was established by separating the judicial function from the King's Council of Counsel. In 1487, King Henry VII issued the Star Chamber Act to clarify its structure and function. It played a major role in suppressing disturbances among local nobles and restoring order after the Wars of the Roses, and acted as a governing body of absolutist power during the Tudor and early Stuart dynasties. However, because it was a separate system from common law and there was a high risk of it being misused, it was abolished by the Long Parliament in 1641. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
イギリス絶対王制期の刑事特別裁判所。大権裁判所の一つ。ウェストミンスター宮殿の「星の間」で開かれたことからこの名が生じた。その起源は 14世紀初めにさかのぼり,国王の顧問会議から裁判機能が分離して成立。 1487年国王ヘンリー7世は星室裁判所法を発してその構成や機能を明確化した。地方貴族の騒乱を抑圧し,バラ戦争後の治安を回復するのに大きな役割を果してチューダー朝,前期スチュアート朝において絶対主義権力の支配機関として活動したが,コモン・ローとは別系統であり,悪用されるおそれが大きかったため,1641年長期議会によって廃止された。
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