Sine wave - sine wave

Japanese: 正弦波 - せいげんは
Sine wave - sine wave

When the displacement u of a medium is written as a function of position coordinate x and time t, as u ( x , t )= a sin( ωt -κx +δ), this wave is called a sine wave traveling in the positive x direction. Here, a is the amplitude, sin is the sine function, κ= 2πk ,ω=2πν, k =1/λ,ν=1/ T , 2π radians is 360 degrees, κ and k are called wave numbers, k is the inverse of the wavelength λ, ω is the angular frequency, and ν is the frequency which is the inverse of the period T. At a certain position, the medium performs simple harmonic motion with period T. At a certain time t, the displacement of the medium changes sinusoidally with wavelength λ in the x direction, and has spatial periodicity. ( ωt -κx +δ) is the phase of the sine wave, and the phase at time zero, position x0 , is
x = x0 + vt
( v = ω/κ = ν/ k = ν・λ)
This means that this sine wave travels in the positive x direction with a phase velocity v . δ is the phase at the origin ( x = 0) when time is zero. If we write δ = ε + π/2, the displacement u can be expressed as u ( x , t ) = a cos(ω tx + ε) using the cosine function cos.
A sine wave traveling in the negative x direction is written as u ( x , t ) = a sin( ωt + κx +δ) or u ( x , t ) = a cos( ωt + κx +ε). A sine wave is the most basic type of wave, and a general wave can be considered as a superposition of sine waves.

[Yoshiro Kainuma]

[Reference] | Waves
Sine wave
©Shogakukan ">

Sine wave


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

媒質の変位uが、位置座標xと時刻tの関数として、u(x,t)=asin(ωtx+δ)と書かれるとき、この波をプラスx方向に進行する正弦波という。ここに、aは振幅、sinは正弦関数、κ=2πk,ω=2πν,k=1/λ,ν=1/T、2πラジアンは360度、κ、kは波数とよばれ、kは波長λの逆数、ωは角振動数、νは振動数で周期Tの逆数である。ある一定の位置においては、媒質は周期Tの単振動をする。ある一定の時刻tにおいては、媒質の変位はx方向に波長λで正弦関数的に変化し、空間的な周期性をもつ。(ωtx+δ)は正弦波の位相で、時刻ゼロ、位置x0における位相は、
  x=x0+vt
   (v=ω/κ=ν/k=ν・λ)
で与えられる位置xにおける位相に等しい。これは、この正弦波がプラスx方向に位相速度vで進行することを示す。δは、時刻ゼロのとき、原点(x=0)における位相である。δ=ε+π/2と書くと、変位uは余弦関数cosを用いて
  u(x,t)=acos(ωtx+ε)
と書かれる。マイナスx方向に進行する正弦波はu(x,t)=asin(ωtx+δ)またはu(x,t)=acos(ωtx+ε)と書かれる。正弦波は、波のなかでもっとも基本的な波であり、一般の波は正弦波の重ね合わせとみなすことができる。

[飼沼芳郎]

[参照項目] | 波動
正弦波
©Shogakukan">

正弦波


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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