Also called anticancer drugs. Chemotherapy agents for malignant tumors (cancer, sarcoma). There are several drugs on the market, but none that can definitively cure the disease, and they are being researched in various countries around the world. The main drugs are classified as follows: 1. Alkylating agents. Nitromin, Endoxan, etc. 2. Metabolic antagonists. 8-azaguanine (antagonist with guanine), 6-mercaptopurine (antagonist with purine), 5-fluorouracil (antagonist with pyrimidine), etc. 3. Antibiotics. Actinomycin, mitomycin, bleomycin, etc. 4. Enzymes. L-asparaginase, etc. All of these drugs are highly toxic and many of them lower the patient's resistance, but they have a slight life-prolonging effect on leukemia and other diseases, and are used in conjunction with surgery and radiation therapy. However, bleomycin, which is used for skin cancer, has attracted attention because it has few side effects. In addition, hormone preparations are sometimes used for cancers of hormone-dependent organs. Instead of using a single anticancer drug, multiple drug combination therapy is widely used, combining several types in appropriate amounts to increase the anticancer effect while suppressing side effects. Research into immunotherapy is active, and PSK, which is given orally during radiation therapy, strengthens the body's immunity against cancer and is used in combination with other therapies to improve the therapeutic effect. → Related topics Gastric cancer | Cancer prevention drugs | Choriocarcinoma | Childhood cancer | Artificial cancer | Hematopoietic stem cell transplant | Combination therapy | Adjuvant chemotherapy | Yoshida sarcoma Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information |
制癌剤,抗癌剤とも。悪性腫瘍(しゅよう)(癌,肉腫)の化学療法剤。市販されている薬剤もいくつかあるが,決定的に治癒しうるものは現在のところなく,世界各国で研究されている。主要な薬剤を分類すると,1.アルキル化剤。ナイトロミン,エンドキサンなど。2.代謝拮抗(きっこう)剤。8-アザグアニン(グアニンと拮抗),6-メルカプトプリン(プリンと拮抗),5-フルオロウラシル(ピリミジンと拮抗)など。3.抗生物質。アクチノマイシン,マイトマイシン,ブレオマイシンなど。4.酵素剤。L-アスパラギナーゼなど。いずれも毒性が非常に強く,患者の抵抗力を低下させるものが多いが,白血病などには若干の延命効果があり,また外科手術や放射線治療に併用される。しかし皮膚癌などに用いるブレオマイシンは,副作用が少ないので注目されている。そのほかホルモン依存器官の癌にホルモン製剤を適用することがある。単独の制癌薬でなく,数種を適当量組み合わせ,副作用をおさえて制癌効果を増大させる多剤併用療法が広く行われている。免疫療法の研究が盛んで,放射線治療を行う場合に経口的に与えるPSKなどは,生体の癌に対する免疫性を強化するもので,他の療法と併用して治療効果をあげる。 →関連項目胃癌|癌予防薬|絨毛上皮腫|小児癌|人工癌|造血幹細胞移植|多剤併用療法|補助化学療法|吉田肉腫 出典 株式会社平凡社百科事典マイペディアについて 情報 |
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