Tsinghua University

Located in Beijing, China, this is the most prestigious university in the country. Its predecessor was Tsinghua College (later renamed Tsinghua School), which was established in 1911 as a preparatory educational institution for students going to the United States. In 1928, it was renamed National Tsinghua University, and became a comprehensive university with schools (equivalent to faculties) of literature, science, engineering, law, and agriculture. In 1952, during the graduate school adjustment (reorganization of faculties and departments), it absorbed the engineering departments of the former Yenching University and Peking University, and became Tsinghua University, whose main purpose is to train human resources in science and engineering (at that time, the schools of literature, science, and law were transferred to Peking University). After that, in the 1990s, a major organizational reform was carried out, with the establishment of humanities and social science departments, and in 2001, the Faculty of Medicine was established. As of 2017, the university has been reorganized into 20 faculties (Mechanical Engineering, Information Science and Engineering, Architecture, Law, Economics and Business Administration, Science, Humanities, Medicine, Pharmacy, Environmental Studies, etc.) and 58 departments. In addition to the graduate school, there are 149 university-affiliated research institutes and engineering research centers. There are approximately 3,400 faculty members and 47,000 students.

[Toru Magose April 16, 2019]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、北京(ペキン)市にある同国でもっとも権威ある大学。1911年渡米留学生の予備教育機関として設立された清華学堂（のちに清華学校と改称）が前身。1928年国立清華大学と改称され、文学、理学、工学、法学、農学の各学院（学部に相当）を置く総合大学となった。1952年の院系調整（学部・学科の改編）に際し、旧燕京(えんきょう)大学、北京大学の工科系を吸収統合し、理工系の人材養成を主目的とする清華大学となった（その際、文・理・法の各学院は北京大学へ移管）。その後、1990年代に大幅な機構改革が行われ、人文・社会科学系分野が新設され、2001年には医学部が設置された。2017年時点で、20学部（機械工学、情報科学・工学、建築学、法学、経済・経営学、理学、人文学、医学、薬学、環境学など）、58学系（学科）に再編されている。大学院のほかに、149大学付置研究所・工学系研究センターが設置されている。教員数約3400人、学生数約4万7000人を数える。

［馬越　徹　2019年4月16日］

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