Choir - Seikatai

Japanese: 聖歌隊 - せいかたい
Choir - Seikatai

A choir that serves in Christian church worship services. The Old Testament records that in the time of King David, choirs were organized by people called Levites who assisted the priests. This Jewish style of worship was inherited by early Christians, but choirs and cantors enlivened the worship service through singing together with the congregation. Later, as the liturgy was improved and hymns were refined, congregational participation decreased, and hymns were left to trained singers and choirs. In particular, in the Roman Catholic Church, singing schools called Schola Cantorum were established in various places after the 4th century, and they taught hymns and trained singers. On the other hand, in the case of Protestant churches during the Reformation, it is said that it was trained singers and choirs that taught hymns to ordinary believers.

Today, choirs are an indispensable presence in churches that place importance on worship, such as the Roman Catholic Church, the Greek Orthodox Church, the Anglican Church, and the German Lutheran Church. Although the role of the choir in each church is the same in that it is to praise the Christian God, the importance it occupies in the actual worship service, as well as its organization and scale, vary depending on doctrine and liturgical views.

Today, choirs such as the St. Thomas Church Choir in Leipzig in Germany, the Regensburg Cathedral Boys Choir, the Solesmes Abbey Choir in France, the Montserrat Abbey Choir in Spain, and the Mormon Synagogue Choir in Salt Lake City, USA are known worldwide.

[Jiro Isobe]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

キリスト教教会の礼拝に奉仕する合唱団。『旧約聖書』には、ダビデ王の時代に、レビ人とよばれた祭司を補佐する人々が聖歌隊を組織していたことが記されている。そのユダヤ教の礼拝様式は、初期のキリスト教徒たちに受け継がれるが、聖歌隊や先唱者は、会衆とともに歌による礼拝を盛り上げた。その後、典礼の整備や聖歌の洗練化が進むと、会衆の参加が少なくなり、聖歌などは訓練された歌い手や聖歌隊に任せられるようになった。とくにローマ教会では、4世紀以後スコラ・カントルムとよばれる歌唱学校が各地に設けられ、聖歌の教授と熟練した歌い手の養成が図られた。一方、宗教改革時のプロテスタント教会の場合も、一般信徒の間に賛美歌を教えていったのは、訓練を受けた歌い手や聖歌隊であったといわれている。

 今日、ローマ・カトリック教会、ギリシア正教会、聖公会、ドイツ・ルーテル教会などの礼拝を重視する諸教会では、聖歌隊が礼拝に欠くことのできない存在となっている。各教会における聖歌隊の役割は、キリスト教の神を賛美するという点では同一であるものの、実際の礼拝に占める比重や編成・規模などは、教義や典礼観に左右され多様である。

 今日では、ドイツのライプツィヒ聖トーマス教会聖歌隊、レーゲンスブルク大聖堂少年聖歌隊、フランスのソレム修道院聖歌隊、スペインのモンセラート修道院聖歌隊、アメリカのソルト・レーク・シティのモルモン会堂聖歌隊などが、世界的にその名を知られている。

[磯部二郎]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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