Western Europe - Seiouha (English spelling) zapadniki

Japanese: 西欧派 - せいおうは(英語表記)zapadniki
Western Europe - Seiouha (English spelling) zapadniki
A faction of the intelligentsia that divided the intellectual world in Russia in the 1840s and 1850s along with the Slavophiles. In Russian, they are called Zapadniki, meaning Westernists. The reactionary politics of Tsar Nicholas I were the product of the autocratic will to prevent the collapse of the decaying serfdom system, but reflecting the social situation, intellectuals focused their attention on ways to solve social problems. The Westernists were convinced that the way to break through the current situation was to actively accept the cultural achievements of Western European civil society, and opposed the Slavophiles who asserted the uniqueness of Russia's historical development. Representatives of this faction included AI Herzen, NP Ogarev, VG Belinsky, and MA Bakunin, who promoted a rationalist and realist worldview through magazines such as Records of the Fatherland, Contemporaries, and Russian Reports. Unlike liberals such as IN Granovsky and Turgenev, Belinsky, Herzen, and Ogarev were influenced by French socialism and became revolutionary democrats.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
1840~50年代のロシアでスラブ主義者と並んで思想界を2分したインテリゲンチアの一派。ロシア語でザーパドニキ。西欧主義者の意。皇帝ニコライ1世の反動政治は,腐朽しつつある農奴制機構の崩壊を阻止しようという専制側の意思の産物であったが,その社会状況を反映して知識人の関心は社会問題を解決する方法に集中した。西欧派は現状打開の道が西ヨーロッパ市民社会の文化的成果を積極的に受入れることにあると確信して,ロシアの歴史的発展の独自性を主張するスラブ主義者に対抗した。その代表者は A.I.ゲルツェン,N.P.オガリョフ,V.G.ベリンスキー,M.A.バクーニンらで『祖国の記録』『同時代人』『ロシア通報』誌などによって,合理主義的,現実主義的世界観を鼓吹した。 I.N.グラノフスキー,ツルゲーネフら自由主義者と異なって,ベリンスキー,ゲルツェン,オガリョフらはフランス社会主義の影響を受け,革命的民主主義者になった。

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