General jurisdiction - Ippankankatsuken

Japanese: 一般管轄権 - いっぱんかんかつけん
General jurisdiction - Ippankankatsuken

…Civil jurisdiction is the power to determine or form legal relations through trials and to enforce rights through execution, while criminal jurisdiction is the power to determine criminal facts and to determine penalties and other measures for perpetrators. Jurisdiction is called abstract jurisdiction (general jurisdiction) in that it is an authority over foreign courts and other government agencies of one's own country, regarding all courts in one country as a whole, and differs from jurisdiction (specific jurisdiction, special jurisdiction), which is the authority to exercise judicial power allocated to each court in one country. The term international judicial jurisdiction is sometimes used in the same sense as jurisdiction, but jurisdiction is an external restriction on a country's judicial power based on a treaty or the principles of international law, while international judicial jurisdiction is an internal restriction on the exercise of judicial power based on one's own country's international civil procedure law. …

*Some of the terminology used to refer to "general jurisdiction" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…民事裁判権は,裁判によって法律関係を確定または形成し,執行によって権利を強制的に実現する権限を,刑事裁判権は,犯罪事実を認定し犯人に対して刑罰その他の処分を定める権限を,その主要内容とする。裁判権は,一国の全裁判所を一体とみた,外国の裁判所や自国の他の官庁に対する権限である点で,抽象的管轄権(一般管轄権)といわれ,一国内の各裁判所に配分された裁判権行使の権限である管轄権(具体的管轄権,特別管轄権)と異なる。国際裁判管轄権という語が裁判権と同じ意味に用いられることがあるが,裁判権は条約または国際法上の原則に基づく一国の司法権の外在的制約であるのに対し,国際裁判管轄権は自国の国際民事訴訟法に基づく司法権行使の内在的制約である。…

※「一般管轄権」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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