Born: January 5, 1838, Lyon Died January 20, 1922. Milan French mathematician. Entered the Ecole Polytechnique in 1855 and worked as an engineer until 1873. Taught at the Ecole Polytechnique and the Collège de France from 1873 until his retirement in 1912. Elected member of the Academie des Sciences in 1881. The first of his achievements was that he was the first to publicize the importance of Galois' theory, and his book "Permutations and Algebraic Equations" (1870) comprehensively treated Galois's research on permutation groups and their applications to algebraic equations. Another important achievement was the publication of "Courses on Analysis" (3 volumes), a compilation of his lectures and research, which was read by a wide range of people as a standard text for a long time. He also proved in 1887 that "a simple closed curve divides a plane into two parts," contributing to the development of 20th century topology. This theorem seems intuitively self-evident, but the proof is quite complicated. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
[生]1838.1.5. リヨン [没]1922.1.20. ミラノ フランスの数学者。 1855年エコール・ポリテクニクに入学,73年まで技術者の仕事につく。 73年から 1912年に退職するまで,エコール・ポリテクニクとコレージュ・ド・フランスで教える。 1881年科学アカデミー会員に選ばれる。業績の第1は,ガロアの理論の重要性を最初に世に知らせたことで,『置換と代数方程式』 (1870) は,ガロアの研究した置換群とそれの代数方程式への応用を包括的に扱ったものである。もう1つの重要な業績は,その講義と研究をまとめた『解析学教程』 (3巻) の出版で,この本は長期間にわたって広範囲の人々に標準的テキストとして読まれた。彼はまた 87年に「単純閉曲線は平面を2つの部分に分ける」ことを証明,20世紀のトポロジーの発展にも貢献した。この定理は,直観的には自明にみえるが,証明はかなり複雑である。 出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報 |
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