Osaka magistrate - Osakamachibugyo

One of the Edo Shogunate's distant province magistrates, located in Osaka. Under the control of the Roju, they were selected from among the Hatamoto with stipends between 1,000 and 3,000 koku. There was no set term of office, and they had 30 Yoriki and 50 Doshin as subordinates. It began in 1619 (Genwa 5) when Kugai Masatoshi and Shimada Naotoki were appointed, but there is also a theory that Kugai, Shimada, and Mizuno Morinobu were appointed. The number of positions was limited to two for the east and west, but during the Genroku period (1688-1704), one more person was temporarily added to the position, and a magistrate of Sakai was also appointed, and at the end of the Edo period, a position equivalent to that of a town magistrate was added. The magistrate's office was set up alongside the Kyobashiguchi Gate, but after the great fire of 1724 (Kyoho 9), only the Nishimachi Magistrate's Office was moved to the east end of Honmachibashi. In addition to general civil administration in Osaka Sango and Hyogo/Nishinomiya (since 1769), the office also oversaw rice distribution, firefighting, police, thread-counting tickets, stock associations, rivers, temples and shrines, and publishing. Its jurisdiction was also broad, extending to Settsu and Kawachi, and from 1722 (Kyoho 7) it also handled civil trials on water and mountain disputes in the four provinces of Settsu, Kawa, Izumi, and Ban.

[Yabuta Nari]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

大坂に置かれた江戸幕府遠国(おんごく)奉行の一つ。老中の支配下にあって、原則として知行高(ちぎょうだか)1000石以上3000石以下の旗本のなかから選任された。任期は定まらず、下僚として与力(よりき)30騎、同心50人がいた。1619年（元和5）久貝正俊(くがいまさとし)、嶋田直時(しまだなおとき)が補されたのに始まるが、久貝、嶋田と水野守信(もりのぶ)の3人補任(ぶにん)とする説もある。定員は東西2名であるが、一時的に元禄(げんろく)年間（1688～1704）に1名増して、堺(さかい)奉行を兼任させたり、幕末に町奉行並(なみ)を増置するなどの変更があった。奉行所は京橋口門外に並設されたが、1724年（享保9）の大火後、西町奉行所のみ本町橋東詰に移った。職務は大坂三郷(さんごう)、兵庫・西宮(にしのみや)（1769年以降）の一般民政のほか、廻米(かいまい)、消防、警察、糸割符(いとわっぷ)、株仲間、河川、寺社、出版などをも管掌した。その管轄範囲も広く摂津、河内(かわち)に及び、1722年（享保7）以降は、摂・河・泉・播4か国の水論(すいろん)・山論などの民事裁判にもあたった。

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