It is a tubular optical guide made by bundling 40,000 to 150,000 glass fibers with a thickness of 5 to 20 micrometers, which prevent light loss by coating optical glass fibers with a high refractive index with glass with a lower refractive index. Each fiber totally reflects the introduced light between the glass core and the glass coating, and the light that enters from one end is guided directly to the other end. The loss of light amount is about 10%. The length of the fiber bundle varies depending on the purpose, and the loss of light amount does not change even if the tube is bent in the middle. In order to accurately transmit the image of the light source to the other end, the glass fiber bundle is made by winding the fiber on a drum, fixing one part of it and cutting it, and polishing the cross section smoothly to install a lens. It was first applied to endoscopes in 1956, and was first unveiled at the American Gastroscopy Society the following year. It has made it possible to expand the scope of endoscopes to areas that cannot be reached with lens-based endoscopes. It is also used industrially to inspect blind pipes, the inside of engines, and the inner walls of pipes, to transmit images from television cameras, and even in space development and archaeological excavation. [Oshiba Saburo] [Reference item] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
高い屈折率をもつ光学ガラス繊維をそれより低い屈折率のガラスでコーティングし、光のロスを防いだ太さ5~20マイクロメートルのガラス繊維を4万~15万本束ねて作成した管状の光誘導体である。1本1本の繊維は、芯(しん)のガラスとコーティングしたガラスとの間で導入光を全反射させ、一端から入った光はそのまま他端に誘導される。光量の損失は10%程度。繊維束の長さは目的に応じていろいろで、管が途中で曲がっても光量の損失は変わらない。光源の像を他端に正確に伝えるため、ガラス繊維束の作成にはドラムを用いて繊維を巻き取り、その一部を固定して切断し、断面を平滑に研磨してレンズを装置する。 1956年に内視鏡に応用され、翌年アメリカの胃鏡学会で初公開された。レンズ系の内視鏡では到達できない範囲まで内視鏡の目が拡大されるようになった。工業用としても、盲管やエンジン内部、パイプ管の内壁の検査、テレビカメラなどの画像伝送、さらには宇宙開発や遺跡発掘などにも利用されている。 [大柴三郎] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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