Surugadai

This area is located at the northern end of Chiyoda Ward, Tokyo. Its official name is Kanda Surugadai. It is part of the Yamanote Plateau, and the name comes from the fact that after the death of Tokugawa Ieyasu, samurai stationed in Sunpu (Shizuoka City) who served Ieyasu lived here. When Ieyasu established the shogunate in Edo, it was called Kandayama, and in 1603 (Keicho 8), soil from this plateau was used to reclaim land in the current Nihonbashi and Shinbashi areas. The Kanda River between Hongo-dai and the area was excavated in 1616 (Genwa 2) to serve as an outer moat, and in 1660 (Manji 3), construction work by the Sendai Domain made it possible for ships to pass through. The area was converted into a university site in the Meiji era, and Nihon University, Meiji University, Chuo University (now relocated to Hachioji City), and other universities were built here, making it a student town. Ochanomizu Station, which is on the JR Chuo Line, Sobu Line, and Tokyo Metro Marunouchi Line, is located at the northeastern end of the city, and Shin-Ochanomizu Station, which is on the Tokyo Metro Chiyoda Line, is located at the eastern end. Nikolai Cathedral (Resurrection Cathedral of the Orthodox Church of Christ in Japan) is a Byzantine-style building built in 1891 (Meiji 24) based on a design by the British architect Conder and others.

[Kiyoshi Sawada]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

東京都千代田区北端の地区。正式には神田駿河台(かんだするがだい)という。山手(やまのて)台地の一部で、徳川家康の死後、家康に仕えていた駿府(すんぷ)（静岡市）詰めの武士がここに居住したことが地名の由来。家康が江戸に幕府を開いたころは神田山とよばれ、1603年（慶長8）、現在の日本橋、新橋地域などの埋立てにあたって、この台地を崩した土砂が使われた。本郷台との間の神田川は、1616年（元和2）外濠(そとぼり)の役割を兼ねて開削され、さらに1660年（万治3）仙台藩の工事により通船が可能となった。旗本屋敷地は、明治になって大学の用地に変わり、日本大学、明治大学、中央大学（現在は八王子市へ移転）などが建てられ学生の街となった。北東端にJR中央線・総武線、東京地下鉄丸ノ内線の御茶ノ水駅があり、東部に東京地下鉄千代田線の新御茶ノ水駅がある。ニコライ堂（日本ハリストス正教会教団復活大聖堂）は1891年（明治24）イギリスのコンドルなどの設計により建てられたビザンティン式建築である。

［沢田　清］

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