The largest ethnic and linguistic group in Europe. They live mainly in Eastern Europe, but due to migrations over the last few centuries, they are now widely distributed in the Caucasus, North and Central Asia, the Far East, as well as North America, Western Europe, and Australia. Their total population is estimated at about 260 million (1991). Linguistically, they belong to the Satemic branch of the Indo-European language family, just like the Iranians. They are generally divided into three groups: Eastern Slavs (Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians), Western Slavs (Poles, Czechs, Slovaks, Sorbs), and Southern Slavs (Serbs, Croats, Slovenes, Macedonians). The original Bulgarians, like the Hungarians, belong to Asiatic descent, but the others have become Slavic and are usually classified as Southern Slavs today. In terms of religion, the Slavs are divided into two groups: those who belong to the Greek Orthodox Church (Russians, most Ukrainians, some Belarusians, Bulgarians, Serbs, and Macedonians) and those who belong to the Roman Catholic Church (Poles, Czechs, Slovaks, Croats, Slovenes, some Ukrainians, and most Belarusians). The former mainly use the Cyrillic alphabet, while the latter mainly use the Latin alphabet. However, both Ukrainians and Belarusians use the Greek alphabet. In addition, there are some Protestants among the Czechs, and some Muslims among the Bosnian Serbs. The origin of the Slavs has been debated since the 18th century, and there is still no consensus, but they are broadly divided into two groups: (1) the Oder-Wisla inter-region and (2) Ukraine north of the Black Sea. Recently, the theory that they originated in the northern foothills of the Carpathians has become more popular, especially from a linguistic standpoint. In the 1st millennium BC, they lived together with the Germanic and Celts, but as these two peoples migrated westward, in the 5th and 6th centuries they advanced as far west as the Elbe River and as far south as the Balkan Peninsula, forming a state somewhat later than the Germanic peoples. In the Middle Ages, they were pushed back eastward by the Germanic peoples, but with the national awakening in the 19th century and victories over Germany in World War I and World War II, they moved westward again, and have remained so to this day. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
ヨーロッパ最大の人種的,言語的な諸民族の集合体。主として東ヨーロッパに居住するが,最近数世紀にわたる移住によって今日ではコーカサス (カフカス) ,北・中央アジア,極東のみならず北アメリカ,西ヨーロッパ,オーストラリアにも広く分布している。総人口は推定で約2億 6000万 (1991) 。言語的にはイラン人などと同じくインド=ヨーロッパ語族のサテム系に属する。普通,東スラブ (ロシア人,ウクライナ人,ベラルーシ人) ,西スラブ (ポーランド人,チェコ人,スロバキア人,ソルブ人) ,南スラブ (セルビア人,クロアチア人,スロベニア人,マケドニア人) の3つに大別される。原ブルガリア人はハンガリー人などと同じくアジア系に属するが,その他はスラブ化され,今日では普通南スラブに分類される。宗教的には,ギリシア正教会に属するもの (ロシア人,ウクライナ人の大部分,ベラルーシ人の一部,ブルガリア人,セルビア人,マケドニア人) とローマ・カトリック教会に属するもの (ポーランド人,チェコ人,スロバキア人,クロアチア人,スロベニア人,ウクライナ人の一部,ベラルーシ人の大部分) の2つに大別される。前者はおもにキリル文字,後者はおもにラテン文字を使用。ただしウクライナ人,ベラルーシ人は両教徒ともギリシア文字を使用する。このほかチェコ人のなかに若干のプロテスタント,またボスニア地方のセルビア人のなかに若干のイスラム教徒が存在する。スラブ人の起源地については,18世紀以来論争が戦わされていていまだに定説がないが,大別して,(1) オーデル=ウィスワ河間地域,(2) 黒海北方ウクライナの2つに分れ,最近特に言語的観点からカルパート山脈北麓説が有力となってきている。前1千年紀にはゲルマン人,ケルト人と混住していたが,両民族の西方移動とともに5~6世紀頃に西はエルベ川まで,南はバルカン半島深く進出し,ゲルマン人にやや遅れて国家を形成した。中世にはゲルマン人に押され次第に東方に後退したが,19世紀における民族覚醒,第1,2次両世界大戦における対ドイツ勝利によって再び西漸し,今日にいたっている。
出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報 |
<<: Slavic People's Conference - Slovanský sjezd (English spelling)
Generally, it refers to raw materials or substanc...
A document that attempts to convey some kind of m...
He is a professional sumo referee (tategyoji), se...
A hilly region in northeastern Chad, northern Afri...
〘Noun〙 One of the ten schools of Jodo Shinshu. Dur...
An ethnic group living on the island of Madagascar...
A non-church Christian evangelist. One of the dis...
The oldest alchemical document inscribed on an eme...
The largest city on the island of Sardinia, locate...
...The piece "Ototori" is considered to...
〘Name〙 = Kashin (vassal) *Mamesoki (before 17C) &q...
…He lived in Nishijin, Kyoto. The Umetada family ...
...A senior councilor during the late Edo period....
…The closely related Pyrocypris noctiluca is abou...
…Vienna is an internationally renowned tourist ci...