Family law - Kaho

Japanese: 家法 - かほう
Family law - Kaho

The family law and rules in samurai society. This refers to the samurai family law. It was particularly prominent in the latter half of the Middle Ages. In a broad sense, it includes family precepts, but if we look at the phenomenon in which family laws and family precepts gradually became differentiated and differentiated in the Middle Ages, it is necessary to distinguish between the two. Family laws are broadly divided into (1) the law of the head of the family that regulates the family's children, (2) the law of the master that regulates servants, and (3) the law of the lord that regulates those who are ruled within the domain. Of these, the important one in considering the relationship with other laws such as the Shogunate Law, the Court Noble Law, and the Honjo Law is the family law as the law of the lord (3). This was enacted by the enacter with the purpose of making it the basic law for the entire family, and many of the legislative items were generally considered to be basic with a long-term perspective, and therefore were intended to be permanent in effect.

Some of the family laws that have been passed down to the present day include the Utsunomiya Family Code, the Munakata Family Records, the Sagara Family Laws, the Ouchi Family Wall Inscriptions, the Imagawa Kana Mokuroku, the Jinkaishu, the Koshu Laws, the Yuki Family Laws, the Rokkaku Family Laws, the Shinka Seishiki, the Chosokabe Motochika Hyakukajo, and the Kikkawa Family Laws. Most of these are so-called Sengoku Laws or Bunkoku Laws that were created after the Onin War (1467-77). This is not a matter of chance that family laws have survived, but clearly shows that Sengoku daimyo needed to establish basic laws when governing their territories. However, there are still unresolved issues regarding the genealogy, content, and development process of family laws.

[Masaki Kubota]

"Sato Shinichi, Ikeuchi Yoshisuke, and Momose Kesao (eds.), Collection of Medieval Legal Documents, Volume 3 (1965, Iwanami Shoten)"

[Reference] | Provincial Law

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

武家社会における一家の法、掟(おきて)。武家家法のこと。とくに中世後半に顕著に現れる。広義には家訓(かくん)を含むが、中世においてしだいに家法と家訓が分化・弁別されていく現象に注目すれば、両者は峻別(しゅんべつ)される必要がある。家法は、(1)家長の法として一族子弟を規制対象とするもの、(2)主人の法として従者を規制対象とするもの、(3)領主の法として領域内の被支配者を規制するもの、に大別される。このうち幕府法、公家(くげ)法、本所(ほんじょ)法といった他の諸法との関連を考えるうえで重要なのが(3)の領主の法としての家法である。これは制定者がその家全体の基本法規とする目的をもって制定し、その立法項目の多くは、おおむね長期的な見通しのなかで基本とされるものであり、それゆえ効力の永続化が図られている。

 家法として今日に伝えられているものに、宇都宮家式条(しきじょう)、宗像氏事書(むなかたしことがき)、相良氏法度(さがらしはっと)、大内家壁書(かべがき)、今川仮名目録、塵芥集(じんかいしゅう)、甲州法度、結城(ゆうき)家法度、六角(ろっかく)氏式目、新加制式、長宗我部元親(ちょうそがべもとちか)百箇条、吉川(きっかわ)氏法度などがあげられるが、これらの大部分は応仁(おうにん)の乱(1467~77)以後に作成されたいわゆる戦国家法や分国法とよばれるものにあたる。これは家法の残存という偶然性の問題ではなく、戦国大名がその領国支配に際し、基本法規の制定を必要としたことを明確に示している。なお、家法の系譜、内容、発達過程などについては未解決の課題も残されている。

[久保田昌希]

『佐藤進一・池内義資・百瀬今朝雄編『中世法制史料集 第3巻』(1965・岩波書店)』

[参照項目] | 分国法

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Downward Movement (English: Downward Movement)

>>:  Gabo, Naum

Recommend

Wolf Cut - oomikatto

...The cold permanent technique, which was import...

Mimulus sessilifolius

A perennial plant of the Scrophulariaceae family. ...

Lock - Komon (English spelling) lock

A structure that allows ships to pass between wat...

International Federation of Free Teachers Union

… Internationally, the Educational Workers Intern...

de Witte, E.

...Furthermore, the cutthroat free competition to...

Cross-linking

A bond that connects linear polymers to form a cro...

International Social Science Council

…The establishment of the IRC and ICSU reflects t...

Whitworth thread

A triangular thread shape devised by the British W...

Ecofisk - Ecofisk

…The first exploration results in the North Sea w...

Naganobu Kano

Year of death: November 18, 1654 (December 26, 165...

Oizumi Film Studio

…Shinko Kinema built a new studio in Oizumi, Toky...

Jones, M.

…For example, in the UK, there is an amphitheater...

biological false positive

…Methods that use cardiolipin, a lipid from cow&#...

Pastorella

…The final movement of Corelli's Christmas Co...

Fujiwara no Yorinari - Fujiwara no Yorinari

Year of death: Unknown (Year of death unknown) Yea...