Spartacus

Japanese: スパルタクス（英語表記）Spartacus

[raw]?
[Died] 71 BC. Leader of the slave revolt in the ancient Roman period in Lucania. A gladiator slave from Thrace, he escaped from the gladiator training school in Capua with about 70 others in 73 BC. He organized pastoralists, agricultural slaves, and poor peasants, defeated the Roman army repeatedly, and dominated southern Italy. At the height of his power, his army numbered 120,000. In 72 BC, he defeated the consul and lost his lieutenant general Cricus, but he continued to lead the slave army with his excellent leadership and personality. He traveled north through Italy to return the slaves to Gaul and Germania, and reached Cisalpine Gaul, but due to internal conflicts, resistance from local peasants, and difficult natural conditions, he changed direction and traveled south, crossed Sicily, and attempted to form an alliance with pirates, but failed. The Spartacus rebellion was fought in a battle with the forces of M. Crassus, who had been sent by the Senate, and the remnants were wiped out by Pompey (the Elder). The rebellion shocked the Roman ruling class and gave rise to many legends. Even in modern times, it is often used as a subject of literature, and its name is still found in the radical faction (Spartacus) and the games (Spartakiade).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]?
[没]前71. ルカニア
古代ローマ時代の奴隷反乱の指導者。トラキア出身の剣闘士奴隷 (グラディアトル ) だったが，前 73年 70名余の仲間とともにカプアの剣闘士養成所から脱走，牧人，農業奴隷，貧農を組織して，ローマ軍を再三破り，南イタリアを支配，最盛期にその軍勢は 12万を数えた。前 72年には執政官 (コンスル ) をも破り，副将クリコスを失ったが，すぐれた統率力と人格によって，奴隷軍を指揮。ガリア，ゲルマニアに奴隷たちを帰還させるためイタリアを北上，ガリア・キサルピナに達したが，内紛あるいは現地農民の抵抗，自然条件の困難さによるものか方向を転じて南下し，シチリアに渡り海賊との提携を企てたが失敗。元老院から派遣された M.クラッスス軍との戦闘で倒れ，残党もポンペイウス (大ポンペイウス) に掃討された。その反乱はローマ支配階級を戦慄させ，以後数々の伝説を生んだ。近代でもしばしば文芸の題材とされ，急進的な党派 (スパルタクス団) や競技 (スパルタキアーダ) にその名をとどめている。

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