Carrel, Alexis

Japanese: カレル（英語表記）Carrel， Alexis

Born: June 28, 1873, Lyon
Died November 5, 1944. Paris. French surgeon, sociologist, and biologist. In 1900, he received his doctorate from the University of Lyon. In 1904, he went to Canada, and the following year to the United States to study at the University of Chicago, then to the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research in New York. There, he studied in vitro tissue culture. The heart tissue of a chicken used in his experiments survived for over 30 years, earning it the nickname "immortal chicken." In 1912, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his development of a vascular suture technique and his research on blood vessels and organ transplantation. During World War I, he returned to France, and served with his wife, working to provide medical care to wounded soldiers by applying the Carel-Deakin method of perfusion and infusion. He returned to the Rockefeller Institute from 1919 until the start of World War II, but during the war he became a member of the French Ministry of Public Health, and in 1941 he became director of the Foundation for Research in Human Problems in Paris. His major works include Man, the Unknown (1935) and The Culture of Organs (38).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1873.6.28. リヨン
[没]1944.11.5. パリ
フランスの外科医，社会学者，生物学者。 1900年，リヨン大学で学位取得。 04年カナダへ，翌年アメリカに渡ってシカゴ大学に入り，次いでニューヨークのロックフェラー医学研究所に移る。そこで組織の体外培養を研究。実験に用いたニワトリの心臓組織が 30年あまり生き続け「不死の鶏」と呼ばれた。 12年，血管縫合法の開発と血管および臓器移植の研究でノーベル生理学・医学賞を受賞。第1次世界大戦の際にはフランスに戻り，夫人とともに従軍して，カレル＝デーキン法と呼ばれる灌流法や輸液法の応用で傷病兵の救護に活躍した。 19年から第2次世界大戦が始るまではロックフェラー研究所に戻ったが，大戦時にはフランス公衆衛生省の委員となり，41年パリの人間問題研究財団理事となった。主著『人間－この未知なるもの』 Man，the Unknown (1935) ，『臓器培養』 The Culture of Organs (38) 。

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