Snyder, Gary

Japanese: スナイダー(英語表記)Snyder, Gary
Snyder, Gary
Born May 8, 1930, San Francisco, California. American poet. Full name: Gary Sherman Snyder. After graduating from Reed College in Portland, Oregon in 1951, he studied anthropology at Indiana University until 1952. After moving to San Francisco, he became friends with Jack Kerouac and Allen Ginsberg, two representative writers of the Beat Generation. In 1955, he witnessed the historic first public reading of Ginsberg's Howl at the Six Gallery in San Francisco. In 1956, he visited Japan and studied Zen Buddhism. In 1986, he taught at the University of California, Davis, and retired as a professor emeritus in 2002. Snyder's early poems weave mythological and religious experiences from everyday life, and his free style shows influences from Walt Whitman, Ezra Pound, and Japanese haiku. Her works The Back Country (1967) and "Regarding Wave" (1969) reflect her inclination towards Eastern philosophy. In 1975, she won the Pulitzer Prize for Turtle Island (1974). Her other poetry collections include No Nature (1992), Mountains and Rivers Without End (1996, Bollingen Prize), and Danger on Peaks (2004). She also offers advice on environmental issues in her essays Earth House Hold (1969) and Back on the Fire: Essays (2007). She won the Ruth Lilly Award in 2008.

Snyder
Snyder, Richard Carlton

Born: August 21, 1916. Kingston, New York. American political scientist. Taught at Princeton University from 1946 to 1955, Northwestern University from 1955 to 1965, University of California from 1965 to 1970, and Ohio University since 1970. Known for his research on policy decision-making theory in foreign affairs. His analytical perspective, also known as the "Snyder model," is characterized by its focus on the behavioral patterns of policy makers as a central concept in national politics. His main works include "National and International Decision-Making" (1961) and "Foreign Policy Decision-Making" (62).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1930.5.8. カリフォルニア,サンフランシスコ
アメリカ合衆国の詩人。フルネーム Gary Sherman Snyder。1951年オレゴン州ポートランドのリード・カレッジ卒業後,1952年までインディアナ大学で人類学を学び,サンフランシスコに移住後はビート・ジェネレーションを代表する作家ジャック・ケルアック,アレン・ギンズバーグと親交を結ぶ。1955年サンフランシスコのシックス・ギャラリーでのギンズバーグによる『吠える』Howlの歴史的な初の朗読会に立ち会った。1956年日本を訪れ,仏教の禅を学ぶ。1986年カリフォルニア大学デービス校で教鞭をとり,2002年名誉教授で引退。スナイダーの初期の詩は日々の生活の神話的,宗教的経験を織り込んだもので,その自由な様式はウォルト・ホイットマンやエズラ・パウンド,日本の俳句からの影響を示している。また『奥の国』The Back Country(1967),"Regarding Wave"(1969)においては東洋哲学への傾倒が反映されている。1975年『亀の島』Turtle Island(1974)でピュリッツァー賞受賞。そのほかの詩集に『ノー・ネイチャー』No Nature(1992),『終わりなき山河』Mountains and Rivers Without End(1996,ボーリンゲン賞),『絶頂の危うさ』Danger on Peaks(2004)。また,エッセー『地球の家を保つには―エコロジーと精神革命』Earth House Hold(1969),"Back on the Fire: Essays"(2007)などで環境問題への提言も行なっている。2008年ルース・リリー賞受賞。

スナイダー
Snyder, Richard Carlton

[生]1916.8.21. ニューヨーク,キングストン
アメリカの政治学者。 1946~55年プリンストン大学,55~65年ノースウェスタン大学,65~70年カリフォルニア大学,70年以降オハイオ大学などで教鞭をとった。外交における政策決定理論の研究で著名。「スナイダー・モデル」ともいわれる分析視角は,国政政治学の中心概念として政定決定者の行動様式に焦点をあてたことに特徴がある。主著"National and International Decision-Making" (1961) ,"Foreign Policy Decision-Making" (62) など。

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