Stephen

Japanese: スティーブン（英語表記）Stephen

[Born] Around 1097
[Died] October 25, 1154. Dover, England. The last King of England from the Norman dynasty (reigned 1135-54). Third son of Adela, daughter of William I, and Etienne, Count of Blois, France. When his uncle Henry I died without a male heir, he immediately traveled to England, where he gained the support of some nobles and Londoners. He then received the recognition of his accession and the approval of the Holy Scriptures from Pope Innocent II, and ascended to the throne. In 1139, Henry I's daughter Matilda invaded England, claiming the throne, and the country's nobles split into two factions, leading to a civil war. Stephen was defeated and captured in 1141, but regained his power after his release, and the civil war continued until 1153. During this time, powerful nobles privatized local offices, and the royal power was completely weakened. In the same year, a peace treaty was finally concluded, and Stephen was recognized as king. However, he died the following year, and under the terms of the peace treaty, he was succeeded by Matilda's son Henry, Count of Anjou, who ascended the throne as Henry II and founded the Plantagenet dynasty.

Steven
Stephen, Sir Leslie

Born: November 28, 1832, London
[Died] February 22, 1904, London. British critic. Graduated from Cambridge University. In 1871, he became editor of the Cornhill Magazine and was active as a literary critic. He is the author of many books, including the critical essay collection Hours in a Library (1874-79) and the famous History of English Thought in the Eighteenth Century (76). He is also known as the editor of the Dictionary of National Biography (26 volumes). His second daughter was the novelist V. Woolf.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1097頃
[没]1154.10.25. ドーバー
イギリス，ノルマン朝最後のイングランド王 (在位 1135～54) 。ウィリアム1世の娘アデラとフランスのブロア伯エティエンヌの間の第3子。伯父ヘンリー1世が世継ぎの男子なくして没すると，ただちにイギリスに渡り，一部の貴族とロンドン市民の支持を獲得，次いで教皇インノケンチウス2世から即位の認証と聖跋の承認を得て即位。 1139年ヘンリー1世の娘マティルダが王位を要求してイングランドに侵入したため，国内の貴族は2派に分れて争う内乱状態に入った。 41年スティーブンは敗れて捕えられたが釈放後勢力を回復，内乱は 53年まで続いた。この間有力な貴族は地方官職を私物化し，王権はまったく弱体化した。同年ようやく和約が成立しスティーブンの王位が認められた。しかし彼は翌年没し，和約の条件により彼の跡はマティルダの子でアンジュー伯であったアンリが継ぎ，ヘンリー2世として即位，プランタジネット朝を開いた。

スティーブン
Stephen， Sir Leslie

[生]1832.11.28. ロンドン
[没]1904.2.22. ロンドン
イギリスの批評家。ケンブリッジ大学卒業。 1871年『コーンヒル・マガジン』の主筆となり文芸批評家として活躍。批評論集『書斎での時間』 Hours in a Library (1874～79) ，名著『18世紀イギリス思想史』 History of English Thought in the Eighteenth Century (76) など多数の著書があるほか，『イギリス伝記辞典』 Dictionary of National Biography (26巻) の編者としても有名。次女は小説家 V.ウルフ。

出典　ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典について　情報

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