Derpt, German name Dorpat. A city in eastern Estonia. A fortified settlement existed since the 5th century, and the Russians built a castle in 1030. Around 1224, it fell into the hands of the Teutonic Knights, and after passing through Russia, Sweden, and Poland, it was annexed by Russia in 1704. The university, founded in 1632 by Swedish King Gustavus Adolphus, moved to Pjarnu in the west in 1699 to avoid the Russian advance, and closed in 1710, but reopened in Tartu in 1802. It is now the University of Tartu, and is famous for its attached observatory, museum, botanical garden, and library with about 3 million books. There are factories for agricultural machinery, leather, food, printing, etc. It is about 170 km southeast of the capital Tallinn, and is a junction of railways and highways. Population 114,000 (1989 estimate). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
旧称デルプト Derpt,ドイツ語名ドルパト Dorpat。エストニア東部の都市。5世紀から要塞集落があり,1030年ロシア人が城を建設。 1224年前後にドイツ騎士団の手に落ち,さらにロシア,スウェーデン,ポーランド領を経て 1704年にロシアに併合された。 1632年スウェーデン王グスタフ2世アドルフにより創設された大学は,ロシア進撃を避けて 99年に西のピャルヌに移転,1710年には閉鎖されたが,1802年タルトゥで再開。現在はタルトゥ大学となり,付属の天文台,博物館,植物園,約 300万冊の蔵書のある図書館などで有名。農業機械,皮革,食品,印刷などの工場がある。首都タリンの南東約 170kmにあり,鉄道,ハイウェーの分岐点。人口 11万 4000 (1989推計) 。
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