It is one of the polymorphs (a group of silicate minerals with the same chemical composition but different atomic arrangements) that are formed under extremely high pressure. It is synthesized at temperatures of 1200-1400°C and pressures of 1.6 gigapascals (about 16,000 atmospheres) or more. Therefore, its density is significantly higher than other silicate minerals. It was first found in sandstone in the meteorite crater in Arizona along with coesite. Although it is very fine, its appearance is close to a square column. The silicon in this mineral is located at the center of the octahedron formed by oxygen. In other words, it has a 6-fold coordination, which is fundamentally different from normal silicon, which has a 4-fold coordination (located at the center of a tetrahedron). It was named after the Russian crystallographer Sergei Mikhailovich Stishov (1937-), who first synthesized a substance equivalent to this mineral. [Satoshi Matsubara] [References] | | | | [Additional information] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
珪酸鉱物(けいさんこうぶつ)の多形(同じ化学組成で原子配列が異なる一群)の一つで、きわめて高圧下で生成される。温度1200~1400℃、1.6ギガパスカル(約1万6000気圧)以上の圧力で合成される。そのため密度は他の珪酸鉱物に比較して著しく大きい。最初アリゾナの隕石(いんせき)孔にある砂岩中からコース石などとともに産した。非常に微細なものであるが、外観は正方柱状に近い。この鉱物のケイ素は酸素のつくる八面体の中心に位置する。すなわち6配位をとることであり、普通のケイ素が4配位(四面体の中心に位置する)をとるのと根本的に異なる。最初にこの鉱物に相当する物質を合成したロシアの結晶学者スティショフSergei Mikhailovich Stishov(1937― )にちなんで命名された。 [松原 聰] [参照項目] | | | | [補完資料] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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