A photographer known as the father of modern American photography. Born in New Jersey, he studied in Germany, his parents' home country, as a young man, where he majored in engineering and photography at the University of Berlin, during which time he began his amateur photography career. Initially, his work was influenced by European pictorialist photography, but he gradually established his own unique view of photographic art that made the most of the characteristics of photography. He returned to the United States in 1890 and became involved in photography, editing, publishing, and gallery management in New York. He was a major influence on the American photography world, particularly through his editing of the fan magazine American Amateur Photographer (1893-96), Camera Notes (1897-1902), and Camera Work (1903-17). In 1902, he founded the group "Photo-Secession" with the advocacy of independence for the art of photography, and in 1905 he opened a gallery of the same name (later renamed "291"), and in 1925 he opened the "American Place" gallery, working to promote artistic exchange with Europe and to revitalize the photography and art worlds. [Osamu Hiraki] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
アメリカ近代写真の父といわれる写真家。ニュー・ジャージー州出身。青年期に父母の母国ドイツへ留学、ベルリン大学で工学と写真技術を専攻し、その時期にアマチュアとして活動を始めた。当初はヨーロッパの絵画主義的写真に導かれた作品を撮っていたが、のちしだいに写真の特性を生かした独自な写真芸術観を確立してゆく。1890年アメリカに帰り、ニューヨークで写真家活動、編集、出版ならびにギャラリー運営に携わる。とくに同人雑誌『アメリカン・アマチュア・フォトグラファー』の編集(1893~96)、『カメラ・ノート』(1897~1902)、『カメラ・ワーク』(1903~17)の編集出版を通じてアメリカ写真界を指導、多大の影響を及ぼした。また1902年には写真芸術の自立を標榜(ひょうぼう)してグループ「フォト・セセッション」を創立し、05年には同名のギャラリー(のちに「291」と改称)を、25年には「アメリカン・プレイス」ギャラリーを開設し、ヨーロッパとの芸術交流、写真界・美術界の活性化に努めた。 [平木 収] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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