Emperor Sujin

According to the genealogy of the imperial family in the Kojiki and Nihon Shoki, he was the 10th emperor. He was the son of Emperor Kaika, and his mother was Ikagashikome no Mikoto (Ikagashikome no Mikoto). He was the father of Emperor Suinin. He is also called Emperor Mimakiirihikoinie (Mimakiirihikoinie), Emperor Mimaki, and Mizumashiro no O. It is noteworthy that both the Kojiki and the Nihon Shoki refer to him as Emperor Hatsukunishirashishi (the founding country, the first country to rule). According to the Kojiki and Nihon Shoki, this emperor lived in Mizugaki in Shiki (Mizugaki, near Kanaya in Sakurai City, Nara Prefecture). The Kojiki and Nihon shoki record that, as an epidemic broke out, the god of Mt. Miwa was worshiped, and the Shogun of the Four Roads (the Chronicles state that it is three roads) was dispatched, and that the rebellion of Takehaniyasuhiko (King Takehaniyasuhiko) was quelled, and that tributes were established for men and women. The Nihon shoki also records that the two gods Amaterasu Omikami and Yamato Ookunitama were no longer enshrined within the palace, and that Amaterasu Omikami was moved to Kasanui-no-mura.

There are theories that this emperor's reign was the beginning of a definite great royal family, and that the political forces centered on Mt. Miwa, beginning with Emperor Sujin, were called the Miwa Dynasty, and that they were distinguished from the Kawachi-based dynasty beginning with Emperor Ojin (Kawachi Dynasty). The horse-riding peoples' conquering dynasty theory, which considers that the horse-riding peoples of the northern continent established a conquering dynasty, interprets that Emperor Sujin, a descendant of the horse-riding peoples, first entered Kitakyushu and established the first "nation". In this way, the reign of Emperor Sujin is evaluated in various ways, but it cannot be overlooked that the political forces centered on Mt. Miwa created a remarkable turning point. His tomb is said to be located on Yamanobe-no-michi, and is a huge keyhole-shaped tumulus (Yamanobe-no-michi no Magari no Oka no Ue Mausoleum) in Ando, ​​Tenri City, Nara Prefecture.

[Masaaki Ueda]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

記紀の皇室系譜では第10代の天皇。開化(かいか)天皇の皇子で、母は伊香色謎命(いかがしこめのみこと)（伊迦賀色許売命(いかがしこめのみこと)）。垂仁(すいにん)天皇の父。御間城入彦五十瓊殖(みまきいりひこいにえ)（御真木入彦印恵(みまきいりひこいにえ)）天皇、御間城天皇、水間城王などともよぶ。『古事記』『日本書紀』がともにハツクニシラシシ（御肇国、所知初国）天皇と称していることが注目される。記紀の所伝では、この天皇は磯城(しき)の水垣(みずがき)（瑞籬、奈良県桜井市金屋付近）に宮居したと伝える。疫病が流行したので三輪山(みわやま)の神を祭祀(さいし)し、また四道（記は三道）将軍を派遣したこと、あるいは武埴安彦(たけはにやすひこ)（建波邇安王(たけはにやすひこ)）の反乱を鎮定したり、男女の調(みつぎ)（貢物）を定めたりしたことなどが記紀にみえている。紀には、天照大神(あまてらすおおみかみ)と倭大国魂(やまとおおくにたま)神の2神を殿内に祀(まつ)るのをやめ、天照大神は笠縫邑(かさぬいのむら)に移したという伝えもある。

　この天皇の代を確実な大王家の初めとする説や、あるいは、崇神天皇に始まる三輪山を中心にした政治勢力を三輪王朝とよんで、河内(かわち)を基盤にした応神(おうじん)天皇に始まる王朝（河内王朝）と区別する説もある。北方大陸系の騎馬民族が征服王朝を樹立したとみなす騎馬民族征服王朝説では、騎馬民族の後裔(こうえい)である崇神天皇は、まず北九州に入って第一次の「建国」をなしたと解釈している。このように崇神天皇の代はさまざまに評価されているが、三輪山を中心とする政治勢力が、注目すべき画期をつくったことは見逃せない。陵墓は山辺の道(やまのべのみち)の上にあると伝え、奈良県天理市アンドの巨大な前方後円墳（山辺道勾岡上(やまのべのみちのまがりのおかのうえ)陵）だという。

［上田正昭］

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