Skaldic poetry

Japanese: スカルド詩 - スカルドし（英語表記）Skaldic poetry

Nordic oral court poetry. It originated in Norway, but was developed mainly by Icelandic sarpanchs (skalds) from the 9th to 13th centuries. Many skalds who were active during the Viking Age (9th to 10th centuries) served as court poets in the royal court or in the houses of nobles. The first famous poet was Bragi the Old, a 9th-century Norwegian poet, a typical example of this is Egil Skalágrímsson, the protagonist of Egil's Saga. Skaldic poetry remains in old Icelandic literature along with the Versed Edda. While the Edda tells myths and heroic legends in a traditional, simple, ancient Germanic poetic form, skaldic poetry uses skillful and complex poetic forms and metaphors to praise the achievements of specific people, or to express sarcasm, satire, and insults. Its heyday was around the 10th to 12th centuries, and it was eventually replaced by the prose sagas, and disappeared after the end of the 13th century. Many poems are extremely difficult for modern people to understand, making full use of special metaphors called kennings.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

北欧の口誦宮廷詩。その起源はノルウェーであるが，主として9～13世紀のアイスランドの吟唱詩人 (スカルド) によって発展した。バイキング時代 (9～10世紀) に活躍したスカルドは宮廷詩人として宮廷や貴族の館に仕えた者が多い。その最初の有名な詩人は9世紀ノルウェーの老ブラギ，その典型は『エギルのサガ』の主人公エギル・スカラグリームスソン。スカルド詩は『韻文エッダ』とともに，古いアイスランド文学に残る。エッダが伝統的な古代ゲルマンの単純な詩形で，叙事的に神話，英雄伝説を語るのに対し，スカルド詩は，技巧的で複雑な詩形と比喩を駆使して，特定の人物の功績をたたえたり，皮肉，風刺，罵倒を浴びせたりする。 10～12世紀頃がその全盛期で，やがて散文物語サガに取って代られて，13世紀末以後はみられなくなった。ケニングと呼ばれる特殊な比喩を駆使した，現代人にはきわめて難解な詩が多い。

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