A type of tectosilicate mineral. It often forms square columnar crystals, but can also occur in granular or lumpy form. Also called beryl, it refers to a solid solution series of marialite, which contains sodium as an end member, and meionite, which contains calcium as an end member. There is also a type of beryl in which the carbonate groups are replaced with sulfate groups, which is a different species called silvialite. These three types are included in the scapolite group, and scapolite itself is not an independent mineral species. It resembles feldspar, but can be distinguished by its perpendicular cleavage and its ease of decomposition with hydrochloric acid. Those close to the two end members are extremely rare worldwide, and most are intermediate members. It occurs in the limestone contact zone as garnet, wollastonite, vesuvianite, diopside, and tremolite. It also occurs in regional metamorphic rocks formed at high temperatures, such as diorite and gabbro aplite. Its English name comes from the Greek word for pillar, due to its shape. [Satoshi Matsubara] [References] | | | | | | | | | | | | | rocks [Additional information] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
テクト珪(けい)酸塩鉱物の一種。正方柱状の結晶をなすことが多いが、粒状、塊状でも産する。柱石(ちゅうせき)ともいい、端成分としてナトリウムを含む曹柱石(そうちゅうせき)marialiteと、端成分としてカルシウムを含む灰柱石(かいちゅうせき)meioniteの固溶体系列をさす。また、灰柱石の組成のうち、炭酸基を硫酸基で置換されたものがあり、これはシルビアライトsilvialiteという別種である。これら3種がスカポライトグループに含まれ、スカポライト自体は独立した鉱物種名ではない。長石に似ているが、劈開(へきかい)が直交する点と、塩酸で分解しやすい点で区別できる。両端成分に近いものは世界的にも産出はきわめてまれで、大部分が中間成分のものである。石灰岩接触帯に灰礬(かいばん)ざくろ石、珪灰(けいかい)石、ベスブ石、透輝石、透閃(とうせん)石などと産する。また、高温でできた広域変成岩中、閃緑岩や斑糲(はんれい)岩アプライト中にも産する。英名は、その形態から、柱を意味するギリシア語に由来する。 [松原 聰] [参照項目] | | | | | | | | | | | | | [補完資料] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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