A leading American Marxist economist, he has been editor of Monthly Review since 1949. Born in New York City, he graduated from Harvard University in 1931 and studied abroad at the London School of Economics. He was a member of the Harvard staff from 1934 to 1946. From 1958, he was a visiting professor at Cornell, Stanford, and Yale universities, and from 1975, he was a professor at the New School for Social Research in New York. In his 1939 paper "Demand under Oligopoly," he proposed the principle of explaining oligopoly enterprises, the "kinked demand curve," and established his reputation as a theorist of modern economics, but he soon shifted his position to Marxist economics. In 1942, he firmly established his position as a Marxist economist with "The Theory of Capitalist Development," and in 1966, "Monopoly Capital" (co-authored with Baran) opened up new frontiers in the analysis of the structure of monopoly capital and the dynamics of monopoly capitalism. He also developed analyses of the American and world economies in works such as "Modern Capitalism" (1972), "The Dynamics of American Capitalism" (co-authored with Harry Magdoff, 1972), and "The End of American Prosperity" (1977). He also left a significant mark on the analysis of socialist countries and the Third World, and in this respect, his work "Post-Revolutionary Society" (1980) is comprehensive. Furthermore, Monthly Review magazine, which he has published since 1949, has been an "independent socialist magazine" and has consistently exerted a major influence on progressives around the world. [Kishimoto Shigechin] "Theory of Capitalist Development" translated by Tsuru Shigeto (1967, Shinhyoron)" ▽ "Monopoly Capital" translated by Obara Takashi (1967, Iwanami Shoten)" ▽ "The Dynamics of American Capitalism" translated by Kishimoto Shigechin (1978, Iwanami Shoten)" ▽ "Post-Revolutionary Society" translated by Ito Makoto (1980, TBS Britannica) [Reference] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
アメリカの代表的マルクス経済学者で、1949年以来『マンスリー・レビュー』Monthly Review誌を主宰。ニューヨーク市生まれ。1931年ハーバード大学を卒業し、ロンドン・スクール・オブ・エコノミックスに留学、34年から46年までハーバード大学のスタッフ。58年からコーネル、スタンフォード、エール各大学の客員教授、75年からニューヨークのニュー・スクール・フォア・ソシアル・リサーチの教授を務めた。 1939年の論文「寡占状況下の需要」で寡占企業についての「屈折需要曲線」という説明原理を提出し、近代経済学の理論家としての評価を確立したが、やがてその立場をマルクス経済学に移した。42年『資本主義発展の理論』でマルクス経済学者としての地位を不動のものとし、66年の『独占資本』(バランとの共著)は、独占資本の構造分析と独占資本主義の動態分析に新生面を開いた。また『現代資本主義』(1972)、『アメリカ資本主義の動態』(マグドフHarry Magdoffとの共著、1972)、『アメリカの繁栄の終焉(しゅうえん)』(1977)などで、アメリカ経済と世界経済の分析を展開している。他方、社会主義諸国の分析と第三世界論にも大きな足跡を残しており、この面では『革命後の社会』(1980)が包括的である。なお、49年以来主宰する『マンスリー・レビュー』誌は、「独立した社会主義者の雑誌」として、世界中の進歩派に一貫して大きな影響を及ぼしてきた。 [岸本重陳] 『都留重人訳『資本主義発展の理論』(1967・新評論)』▽『小原敬士訳『独占資本』(1967・岩波書店)』▽『岸本重陳訳『アメリカ資本主義の動態』(1978・岩波書店)』▽『伊藤誠訳『革命後の社会』(1980・TBSブリタニカ)』 [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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