Tempo rubato (Italian)

Japanese: テンポ･ルバート（英語表記）tempo rubato[イタリア]

A musical term meaning "stolen tempo." It is also simply called "rubato." Changing the tempo during performance in order to enhance the expressiveness of the music. It is applied to individual notes in one phrase of the melodic voice, where the basic tempo of the entire phrase does not change, and the accompaniment voice continues to maintain a constant tempo. From the 19th to the 20th century, it came to be applied to the entire structure of a piece of music, and various tempos were increased or decreased, but such overly free tempos soon caused a backlash. [Teramoto Mariko]

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

音楽用語。〈盗まれたテンポ〉の意。単に〈ルバート〉ともいう。音楽の表出力を高めるために，演奏に際してテンポを変化させること。旋律声部の一つの楽句の個々の音符に適用され，そこでは楽句全体の基礎テンポは変化せず，伴奏声部は一定のテンポを保ち続ける。19世紀から20世紀にかけては楽曲構造全体に適用され，種々のテンポの増減が行われるようになったが，そのような過度に自由なテンポはすぐに反動を招いた。【寺本まり子】

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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