A unique British insurance organization, it is the most powerful group of private insurers in the world insurance market. At the end of the 17th century, shipowners, cargo owners, marine insurers and other maritime-related people gathered at a coffee shop run by Edward Lloyd (1648-1713) in London, where marine insurance transactions were actively conducted. After Lloyd's death in 1713, the private insurers who frequented the coffee shop formed a group called Lloyd's. In 1769, New Lloyd's was formed as an independent company from the coffee shop, marking the beginning of modern Lloyd's. In 1871, New Lloyd's was reorganized as a legal entity called the Corporation of Lloyd,s. It later expanded its activities to insurance fields other than marine insurance, and today it is at the center of the world insurance market. Insurance is underwritten by private insurers who are members of Lloyd's, and the Lloyd's corporation itself is not involved in the underwriting of contracts. The corporation provides a place for members to do business, and provides services such as damage assessment and information collection and transmission, serving the interests of its members. Member private insurers form several syndicates, large and small, and appoint an underwriting agent for each syndicate to whom they entrust all insurance business, while the member private insurers simply act as a name listed on the insurance policy. The underwriting agent's underwriting business is not conducted by negotiating directly with the client, but by accepting contracts brought by Lloyd's brokers who are qualified to enter and exit Lloyd's. However, the underwriting agent does not sign the insurance policy as a party to the insurance contract, but rather the private insurer acts as a name. Although the private insurer is a member of the syndicate and is joined to it, he is only unlimitedly liable for his own underwriting share, and is not jointly and severally liable with other members for the underwriting shares of others. This is the so-called principle of personal liability, and it is the most important principle that has traditionally been upheld from the early days of Lloyd's to the present day, namely, the system of independent liability and unlimited liability. [Takuji Kaneko] "Lloyd's of London: The Unknown World's Largest Insurance Market" by Eiichi Kimura (1985, Nihon Keizai Shimbun) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
イギリス独特の保険機構で、世界保険市場におけるもっとも強力な個人保険業者の集団。17世紀末ごろロンドンのエドワード・ロイドEdward Lloyd(1648―1713)経営のコーヒー店には船主、荷主、海上保険者など海事関係者が集まり、そこで海上保険取引が盛んに行われていたが、1713年にロイドが死亡してのち、そこに出入りしていた個人保険業者たちがつくったグループがロイズである。1769年にコーヒー店から独立した新ロイズが結成され、現代のロイズの始まりとなった。新ロイズは1871年にコーポレーション・オブ・ロイズCorporation of Lloyd,sという法人に組織を改めた。その後海上保険以外の保険分野にも活動領域を広げ、今日では世界保険市場の中心となっている。 保険引受けはロイズの会員たる個人保険業者が行い、ロイズ法人自身は契約引受けには関係しない。法人は会員に取引を行う場所を提供するほか、損害査定や情報の収集・伝達などのサービスを提供し、会員の利益に奉仕している。会員たる個人保険業者は大小いくつかのシンジケートを結成し、各シンジケートごとに保険引受代理人underwriting agentを置き、保険業務全般を彼に委託し、自分自身は単に保険証券に名を連ねるネームnameとしての地位にたつ。保険引受代理人の引受業務は、直接顧客と交渉して行われるのではなく、ロイズに出入りする資格をもつロイズ・ブローカーがもたらす契約を引き受ける。しかし、保険引受代理人は保険契約の当事者として保険証券に署名するのではなく、それはあくまでネームとしての個人保険業者が行う。そして、個人保険業者は、シンジケートの構成メンバーとして、それに結合しているとはいえ、自分自身の引受分に対して無限責任を負うだけで、他のメンバーと連帯して自分以外の引受分の責任を負うことはない。これが、いわゆる個人責任の原則であり、ロイズ創成期より今日に至るまで伝統的に守られてきたもっとも重要な原則、すなわち独立責任制と無限責任制である。 [金子卓治] 『木村栄一著『ロイズ・オブ・ロンドン――知られざる世界最大の保険市場』(1985・日本経済新聞社)』 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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