Ammonium hydroxide - English spelling: ammonium hydroxide

Japanese: 水酸化アンモニウム - すいさんかあんもにうむ(英語表記)ammonium hydroxide
Ammonium hydroxide - English spelling: ammonium hydroxide

It is a compound with the chemical formula NH 4 OH, and its existence has been hypothesized to explain the weak alkalinity (weak baseness) of aqueous solutions of ammonia (NH 3) . In other words, according to the classical definition of an acid-base, a substance that acts as a base must have an ionizable hydroxyl group -OH, so the following series of equilibria were considered:

NH3 + H2ONH4OH
NH4 + + OH-
It is true that colorless crystals with the composition NH 3 H 2 O have been isolated, but they have a structure in which water molecules and ammonia molecules are linked by hydrogen bonds, and there are no molecules such as NH 4 OH, nor are there any ions such as NH 4 + or OH - in these crystals. Furthermore, experimental evidence has been obtained that shows that in aqueous solutions, H + ions are directly exchanged between ammonia molecules and water molecules. In any case, the existence of the chemical species ammonium hydroxide has not been confirmed either in solids or in solutions. The behavior of ammonia is NH 3 + H 2 ONH 4 + + OH -
This can be explained adequately by equilibrium alone.

[Torii Yasuo]

[Reference] | Ammonia | Hydroxy group

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

化学式NH4OHで表される化合物で、アンモニアNH3の水溶液が弱アルカリ性(弱塩基性)を呈することを説明するために、その存在が仮定されてきた。すなわち、古典的な酸塩基の定義に従えば、塩基として働く物質は電離可能なヒドロキシ基-OHをもたなければならないことになるので、次のような一連の平衡が考えられた。

  NH3+H2ONH4OH
   NH4++OH-
確かに、NH3・H2Oの組成をもつ無色の結晶が単離されているが、これは水分子とアンモニア分子が水素結合で連なる構造をもっており、NH4OHのような分子は存在していないし、またNH4+やOH-のようなイオンもこの結晶中には存在しない。さらに水溶液中ではアンモニア分子と水分子との間でH+イオンの直接授受が行われているという実験的証拠も得られている。いずれにしても水酸化アンモニウムという化学種は固体でも溶液中でもその実在が確認されない。アンモニアの挙動は
  NH3+H2ONH4++OH-
という平衡だけで十分に説明できる。

[鳥居泰男]

[参照項目] | アンモニア | ヒドロキシ基

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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