In a chemical reaction system in which reactants are distributed spatially, the rate of change in the amount of reactant at each point is determined by the reaction rate of the substance at that point and the rate of movement of the substance due to the concentration difference between the adjacent areas. In this way, a system whose behavior is governed by reaction and diffusion is called a reaction-diffusion system. Reaction-diffusion systems are considered to be a basic model for the formation of various temporal and spatial patterns seen in a wide range of fields such as biology, chemistry, physics, and engineering. A typical example of the generation of spatial patterns is seen in a hypothetical reaction-diffusion system consisting of two types of components U and V distributed on a line, described by the following equation: Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
反応物質が空間的に分布している化学反応系では,各点における反応物質の量の変化速度はその点における物質の反応速度と隣接領域との濃度差による物質の移動速度とによって決められる。このように,そのふるまいが反応と拡散によって支配されている系は反応拡散系とよばれる。反応拡散系は生物学,化学,物理学,工学などの広い分野にみられる種々の時間的・空間的パターン(模様)の形成の一つの基本的モデルと考えられている。 空間パターン発生の一つの典型的な例は直線上に分布した2種類の成分U,Vからなる次の方程式で記述される仮想的な反応拡散系に見られるものである。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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