Aluminium hydroxide. Chemical formula: Al(OH) 3 , formula weight: 78.0. Both α (alpha) and γ (gamma) types are monoclinic crystals. In nature, it occurs as gibbsite (γ type) and bayerite (α type), and the hydroxide oxide AlO(OH) occurs as diaspore and boehmite. It can be obtained by blowing carbon dioxide into an aqueous solution of sodium aluminate, or by neutralizing an aqueous solution of aluminum salt with ammonia or an alkali hydroxide (α type). The specific gravity of the α type is 2.49, and that of the γ type is 2.40. Colloidal hydrates are usually obtained by precipitating from an aqueous solution. It is practically insoluble in water. It is insoluble in acetone. It is soluble in methylamine. It is an amphoteric hydroxide and dissolves in strong acids and alkali hydroxide solutions, but becomes less soluble if left alone. It dehydrates when heated, passing through various intermediate phases to finally become α-alumina. In addition to being a raw material for the manufacture of alumina, aluminum is used as a raw material for chemicals (aluminum sulfate, aluminum fluoride, synthetic zeolite), as a ceramic material, as a filler for rubber and plastics, as a paper filler, and in aluminum hydroxide to improve fire resistance, flame retardancy, whiteness, etc. It is also used as a mordant, antacid, and waterproofing for textiles. [Kenichi Morinaga and Katsunori Nakahara] [Reference item] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
アルミニウムの水酸化物。化学式Al(OH)3、式量78.0。α(アルファ)型、γ(ガンマ)型のいずれも単斜晶系の結晶。天然にはギブス石(γ型)、バイエル石(α型)として産出するほか、酸化水酸化物AlO(OH)がダイアスポア、ベーム石として産出する。アルミン酸ナトリウム水溶液に二酸化炭素を吹き込む方法や、アルミニウム塩水溶液のアンモニアまたは水酸化アルカリによる中和などで得られる(α型)。α型の比重2.49、γ型は2.40。通常は水溶液から沈殿させるとコロイド状の水和物が得られる。水にはほとんど不溶。アセトンに不溶。メチルアミンに溶ける。両性水酸化物で強酸、水酸化アルカリ溶液に溶けるが、放置しておくとしだいに溶けにくくなる。加熱すると脱水がおこり、いろいろな中間相を経て最後にはα-アルミナとなる。アルミナの製造原料となるほか、化学薬品(硫酸アルミニウム、フッ化アルミニウム、合成ゼオライト)の原料、窯業材料、ゴム、プラスチックの填料(てんりょう)、紙用充填剤など、水酸化アルミニウムで耐火性、難燃性、白色度などを向上させるのに用いられる。また、媒染剤、制酸剤、繊維の防水にも使われる。 [守永健一・中原勝儼] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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