A translation of the English term humanism and the French term humanisme. Also known as humanism, humanism, or humanitarianism. It began as an intellectual movement during the Renaissance that sought to liberate humans from medieval feudal society and the corrupt Christian church, starting with direct contact with the Greek classics. Humanist studies, starting with Italian Petrarch, spread throughout Europe, giving birth to humanists such as Reuchlin, Hutten, Erasmus, T. More, Rabelais, and Montaigne, and became a major ideological trend. After movements with different emphasis, such as the Protestant Reformation, the 18th century Enlightenment, and the Sturm und Drang literary movement, a new "humanism" was born in the second half of the 19th century. Examples include Tolstoy, R. Rolland, and A. Schweitzer, and in Japan this is often treated as being distinct from "humanism." Generally speaking, humanism is an idealistic stance that respects the nature (humanity) that makes humans truly human and aims to realize a truly human society. Therefore, it aims to liberate the inherent human needs and their creative expressions such as art, morality, religion, and science from the political and economic constraints that oppress them, and to ensure their correct development and realization. → Related topics Agricola | General Studies | Collège de France | Sachs | Humanist Law | University of Basel | Boccaccio | Masseys Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information |
英語humanism,フランス語humanismeなどの訳。人本主義,人間主義,人道主義とも。ルネサンス期に,ギリシア古典に直接触れることを手がかりに,中世封建社会や腐敗したキリスト教会からの人間解放を求めた知的運動に始まる。イタリアのペトラルカ以下のフマニスタス研究がヨーロッパに広がり,ロイヒリン,フッテン,エラスムス,T.モア,ラブレー,モンテーニュらの人文主義者を生み,一大思想潮流となる。宗教改革,18世紀の啓蒙思想,シュトゥルム・ウント・ドラングの文学運動など,その力点の置き方に差のある運動を経て,19世紀後半には新しい〈ヒューマニズム(人道主義)〉が生まれた。トルストイ,R.ロラン,A.シュワイツァーなどがあげられ,日本ではこれを〈人文主義〉とは区別して扱う場合が多い。一般的に,ヒューマニズムとは,人間を真に人間的たらしめている本性(人間性)を尊重し,真に人間的社会の実現を目ざす,理想主義的立場をいう。したがって,人間固有の諸要求,その創造的表現たる芸術・道徳・宗教・科学などを,それらを抑圧する政治的・経済的束縛から解放し,正しい発展・実現を目ざす。 →関連項目アグリコラ|一般教養|コレージュ・ド・フランス|ザックス|人文主義法学|バーゼル大学|ボッカッチョ|マセイス 出典 株式会社平凡社百科事典マイペディアについて 情報 |
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