It refers to a type of charity hospital established to treat the illnesses of the poor free of charge. The word originates from the Latin hospitium, which originally meant "a place to receive guests." Ancient priests played both the roles of physicians and shamans, and Greek temples were dedicated to Asclepius (the god of medicine) and Hygieia (the goddess of health), and were used as training centers for physicians and as sanatoriums for the sick. Remains of such buildings can be found in Greece, Egypt, Babylonia, India, and other places. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
無料で貧民の病気を治療するために設立された一種の慈恵病院をいう。この言葉の語源はラテン語のホスピティウムhospitiumから来ており,原義は〈客人hospesを迎える場所〉である。古代の聖職者は医師とまじない師の性格を兼ねており,ギリシアの神殿ではアスクレピオス(医術の神),ヒュギエイアHygieia(健康をつかさどる女神)がまつられ,医者の養成所として,また病人の療養所として使われた。このような建築物の遺跡はギリシア,エジプト,バビロニア,インドなどに見られる。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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