Shenzhen

Japanese: 深圳 - しんせん
Shenzhen

A sub-provincial city (a prefecture-level city with autonomy equivalent to a province) in central Guangdong Province, China. Also known as Pengcheng. Formerly known as Bao'an and Xin'an. Located on the east bank of the Pearl River Delta, it borders the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region to the south and Dongguan and Huizhou to the north. It has jurisdiction over eight city districts, including Futian and Bao'an (as of 2018). Registered population: 2,876,200, permanent population: 10,547,400 (2012).

Known as the "forefront of reform and opening up," Shanghai has achieved rapid economic development in a short period of time. It also plays an important role as the financial center of mainland China, and is ranked as one of China's four major cities alongside Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou. It has a subtropical marine climate, with an average annual temperature of 22.3°C and an average annual precipitation of 1,924.7 mm. It has a friendship city relationship with Tsukuba City.

[Shun Zhou March 19, 2018]

history

In ancient times, this area was home to a group of people known as the Nanyue people, but in the Qin dynasty, Nanhai County was established, and in the Eastern Jin dynasty, Bao'an County was established. During the Tang dynasty, it was incorporated into Dongguan County, and in the Ming dynasty, Sinan County was established in the area that corresponds to present-day Shenzhen and Hong Kong, but at the end of the Qing dynasty, Hong Kong Island and the Kowloon Peninsula became British leased territories under the Treaty of Nanking and the Treaty of Beijing. After that, regular markets began to be held near the border, and the area flourished as a distribution center for goods. In 1914, it was renamed Bao'an County. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, many people fled from Bao'an to Hong Kong to avoid political and social turmoil caused by the Cultural Revolution and other events, and the number is said to have reached more than 500,000.

With the start of the Reform and Opening-up policy, Shenzhen became a city in 1979. In 1980, it was designated a special economic zone due to its geographic location adjacent to Hong Kong, and various preferential policies were implemented to attract foreign capital. Since then, the economy has developed rapidly with the establishment of joint ventures with overseas Chinese and foreign capital. It has been positioned as a model case of the Reform and Opening-up policy, and has been transformed into a modern city.

[Shun Zhou March 19, 2018]

Industry and Transportation

It is also known as the "Silicon Valley of China" due to its concentration of high-tech companies such as electronics manufacturer Huawei, internet service provider Tencent, automobile and electronic parts manufacturer BYD, and drone manufacturer DJI. The Shenzhen Stock Exchange, established in 1990, was the third largest in Asia in terms of market capitalization in 2016, after the Tokyo Stock Exchange and the Shanghai Stock Exchange. On the coast of Daya Bay in the southeast of the city, there are the Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant and the Lingao Nuclear Power Plant, which were the first in China to begin commercial operation in 1994, and as of 2018, a total of six nuclear reactors are in operation.

The city is served by the Beijing-Kowloon Line, the Guangzhou-Shenzhen Line (Guangzhou-Shenzhen), the Xiamen-Shenzhen Line, and the Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong High Speed ​​Railway. It is also a junction for highways to over 20 cities in Guangdong Province, as well as to Hong Kong and Macau. Shekou Port, where ferries to Hong Kong are in service, is also an important trading port, and in 2016 (preliminary figures) the container handling volume at Shekou Port, together with Yantian Port and Chiwan Port, was 23.28 million TEU (twenty feet equivalent unit, equivalent to a 20-foot container), ranking third in the world after Shanghai and Singapore. Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport overlooks the Pearl River Delta.

[Shun Zhou March 19, 2018]

Culture and Tourism

Due to rapid economic development, a large number of migrant workers (peasant workers) have immigrated from all over China, giving it the character of an immigrant city. In the past, the majority of residents spoke Hakka or Cantonese, but now the standard Mandarin is the main language.

In the north of the city is Lotus Mountain Park, and at the top of Lotus Mountain is a statue of Deng Xiaoping, who promoted the Reform and Opening Up Policy. In the eastern part of the city is Dapeng Town, where buildings from the Ming Dynasty stand. Chung Ying Street, located on the border with Hong Kong, is known as one of the leading duty-free shopping streets and attracts many tourists. There are also many higher education institutions, including Shenzhen University, Southern University of Science and Technology, as well as prestigious universities from outside the region, such as Peking University, Tsinghua University, and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, which have set up campuses and are competing to secure students.

[Shun Zhou March 19, 2018]

[Reference items] | Reform and Opening Up | Guangdong (province) | Beijing-Kowloon Line | Special Economic Zone | Migrant workers | Hakka

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

中国、広東(カントン)省中部の副省級市(省と同程度の自主権を与えられた地級市)。別名鵬城(ほうじょう)。旧称は宝安(ほうあん)、新安(しんあん)。珠江(しゅこう)デルタの東岸に位置し、南は香港(ホンコン)特別行政区、北は東莞(とうかん)市、恵州(けいしゅう)市と接する。福田(ふくでん)、宝安など8市轄区を管轄する(2018年時点)。戸籍人口287万6200、常住人口1054万7400(2012)。

 「改革開放の最前線」ともいわれ、短期間で急速な経済発展を遂げた。中国本土の金融センターとしても重要な機能を果たしており、北京(ペキン)、上海(シャンハイ)、広州(こうしゅう)と並ぶ中国四大都市に位置づけられている。亜熱帯海洋性気候に属し、年平均気温は22.3℃、年降水量は1924.7ミリメートル。つくば市と友好都市提携を結んでいる。

[周 俊 2018年3月19日]

歴史

古くは南越といわれた民族の居住地であったが、秦(しん)代に南海郡が置かれ、東晋(とうしん)の時代に宝安県が設置された。唐代には東莞(とうかん)県に編入され、明(みん)代に現在の深圳や香港に相当する地域に新安県が新設されたが、清(しん)末の南京(ナンキン)条約、北京条約により、香港島および九竜半島がイギリスの租借地となる。以後、その境界付近では定期市が開かれるようになり、物資の集散地として栄えた。1914年宝安県と改称。中華人民共和国成立後、文化大革命などによる政治・社会の混乱を避けるため、宝安から香港へ逃亡する民衆が絶えず、その数は50万人以上に達したといわれる。

 改革開放の開始に伴い、1979年に深圳市となる。1980年、香港に隣接する地理的条件から経済特区に指定され、外資誘致のためのさまざまな優遇政策が行われた。以後、華僑(かきょう)資本や外国資本との合弁企業の設立によって経済が急速に発展する。改革開放のモデルケースと位置づけられ、近代都市へと変貌(へんぼう)を遂げた。

[周 俊 2018年3月19日]

産業・交通

電子機器メーカーのファーウェイ(華為技術)やインターネットサービスのテンセント(騰訊控股)、自動車および電子部品メーカーのBYD(比亜迪)、ドローンメーカーのDJIなどのハイテク企業が集積することから、「中国のシリコンバレー」ともよばれる。また、1990年に設立された深圳証券取引所は、2016年に株式時価総額で、東京証券取引所、上海証券取引所に次ぐアジア3位の規模となった。市南東部の大亜湾岸には、1994年に中国で初めて営業運転を開始した大亜湾原子力発電所と嶺澳(れいおう)原子力発電所があり、2018年時点で計6基の原子炉が稼働している。

 京九線、広深線(広州(こうしゅう)―深圳)、厦深(かしん)線(厦門(アモイ)―深圳)、広深港高速鉄道が通じる。また、広東省の20以上の都市および香港、マカオへの自動車道の分岐点でもある。香港へのフェリーが就航する蛇口(じゃこう)港は貿易港としても重要で、塩田港、赤湾港とあわせた2016年(速報値)のコンテナ取扱量は2328万TEU(twenty feet equivalent unitの略で20フィートのコンテナに相当する換算値)と、上海(シャンハイ)、シンガポールに次ぐ世界3位であった。珠江デルタを望む位置に深圳宝安国際空港がある。

[周 俊 2018年3月19日]

文化・観光

急速な経済発展に伴い、中国各地から出稼ぎ労働者(農民工)が大量に移住してきたため、移民都市の性格が強い。かつては客家(ハッカ)語あるいは広東語を話す住民が多数を占めていたが、現在は標準語である北京語が主要言語となっている。

 市北部には蓮花山(れんかざん)公園が設置され、蓮花山山頂には改革開放を推進した鄧小平(とうしょうへい)の像がある。また市東部には、明代の建物が並ぶ大鵬所城がある。香港との境界線に位置する中英街は有数の免税商業街として知られ、多数の観光客が訪れる。高等教育機関も多く、深圳大学や南方科技大学のほか、北京大学、清華大学、香港中文大学など域外の名門大学もキャンパスを設置し、学生の確保を競っている。

[周 俊 2018年3月19日]

[参照項目] | 改革開放 | 広東(省) | 京九線 | 経済特区 | 農民工 | 客家

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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