An activity or system for securing the necessary human resources for each position in an organization, and for ensuring that they have the motivation to work to the fullest extent of their abilities. It is based on an approach known as scientific personnel administration. This seeks to assign people with the necessary abilities to positions through job analysis and a job hierarchy, and to maintain the required level of motivation through the use of job hierarchy and performance evaluations. However, in affluent societies with democratic cultures, this approach is opposed as being authoritarian, and may actually reduce motivation to work. Therefore, a human relations approach is beginning to be used to complement this approach. This seeks to increase motivation to work by utilizing means to satisfy the diverse needs of human beings, such as the participation of ordinary members in the decision-making process. (→ Personnel management) Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
組織の個々のポストに必要な人材を確保し,さらに,その能力を十分発揮させるだけの勤労意欲をもたせるための活動ないし制度。その基本は科学的人事行政と呼ばれるアプローチである。ここでは職務分析と職階制を通じて必要な能力の所有者をポストにつけ,職階制と勤務評定を使って勤労意欲を必要な水準に維持しようとする。しかし民主主義的文化をもった豊かな社会では,このアプローチは権威主義的なものとして反発を受け,かえって勤労意欲を引下げかねない。そこで,このアプローチを補完するものとして,人間関係論的アプローチが利用されはじめている。ここでは人間の多様な欲求を満足させるための手段,たとえば決定過程に対する一般構成員の参加を活用して,勤労意欲を高めようとする。 (→人事管理 )
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