Cargo Bill - Kamotsu Hikikaesho

Japanese: 貨物引換証 - かもつひきかえしょう
Cargo Bill - Kamotsu Hikikaesho

In land cargo transportation contracts, a negotiable instrument certifying that the carrier has received the goods and promising to deliver them to the rightful bearer of the instrument at the destination. It is used to sell or pawn the goods during transportation. It is issued by the carrier at the request of the shipper, and the details to be written on it are stipulated by law (Article 571 of the Commercial Code), but even if there are omissions, the bill of lading is not necessarily invalid unless the details are essential to the bill of lading. It is also a bill of instruction by law, and even if it is in registered form, it can be transferred by endorsement (Article 574 of the same Code). Matters concerning transportation are determined between the carrier and the holder of the bill of lading by the details written on the instrument (Article 572 of the same Code), and since it is a so-called written instrument, the bona fide holder of the bill of lading can assert rights against the carrier according to the details written on the instrument. However, since the bill of lading is a factor bill and presupposes the existence of a valid contract of carriage, a bill of lading (blank ticket) that lacks this factor is invalid. Also, delivery of the goods can only be demanded in exchange for the bill of lading (Article 584 of the same law), which is a so-called bill of return, but the commercial practice of guaranteed delivery is generally accepted. With regard to the disposal of the goods, delivery of the bill has the same effect as delivery of the goods (Article 575 of the same law), and therefore, when a bill of lading is issued, the disposal of the goods must always be made in accordance with it (Article 573 of the same law). It is contrasted with the bill of lading in a contract of carriage by sea.

[Toda Shuzo]

[Reference item] | Bill of lading | Securities

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

陸上物品運送契約において、運送人が運送品を受け取ったことを認証し、かつ、目的地において証券の正当な所持人に運送品を引き渡すことを約束した有価証券。運送中の貨物の売却や質入れのために利用される。荷送人の請求により運送人が発行するもので、その記載事項は法定されている(商法571条)が、その欠缺(けんけつ)があっても、それが貨物引換証としての本質的な記載事項でない限り、かならずしも貨物引換証は無効とされない。また、法律上当然の指図(さしず)証券であって、記名式のものでも裏書による譲渡ができる(同法574条)。運送に関する事項は、運送人と貨物引換証の所持人との間においては、証券の記載によって決定され(同法572条)、いわゆる文言(もんごん)証券であるから、貨物引換証の善意所持人は、証券の文言に従って運送人に対し権利を主張することができる。ただし、貨物引換証は要因証券で、有効な運送契約の存在を前提とするから、この要因を欠く貨物引換証(空券(くうけん))は無効である。また、運送品の引渡しは貨物引換証と引換えでなければ請求できない(同法584条)、いわゆる受戻(うけもどし)証券であるが、保証渡しの商慣習が一般に認められている。運送品の処分に関し、証券の引渡しが運送品の引渡しと同一の効力をもち(同法575条)、したがって貨物引換証が発行された場合には、運送品の処分はつねにこれによらなければならない(同法573条)。海上運送契約における船荷証券と対比される。

[戸田修三]

[参照項目] | 船荷証券 | 有価証券

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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