This refers to a philosophy that places the concept of personality at the center of worldviews and values. This type of personalist thought has been around for a long time, but the term personalism began with Schleiermacher, and an attempt to systematically thematize it was made in the early 20th century by Renouvier in France as a practical philosophy for solving the problem of evil. Around the same time, it was advocated by Stern in Germany as a basic complement to the psychology of individual differences, and by Baun and others in America as a philosophy that considers only a personal God and a society of personalities to be real. After that, in America it saw continuous development until the rise of existentialism and linguistic analysis, and then it tried to survive by incorporating the achievements of new forces. In France, once again, with a background of Catholicism, but flexibly, in a movement based on Meunier's Esprit magazine, it became a major current of thought that united existentialist currents (Berdyaev, Landsberg, Ricoeur, Nedoncel, etc.), Marxist currents, and traditional idealist currents that merged with Kantism (Rachièse Rey, Naber, Le Sennes, Madinier, Lacroix, etc.) while also cooperating with thinkers from various countries, in the defense of the concept of personality and the demand for participation in society. Personalism is hostile to nationalism that does not recognize unique individuality, individualism that is isolated and not open to others, and spiritualism that does not face the various conditions of human life. [Sumio Matsunaga] [Reference items] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
世界観・価値観の中心に人格概念を据える思想をいう。このような人格主義的思想は古くからあるが、人格主義はことばとしてはシュライエルマハーに始まり、体系的主題化の試みは、20世紀初頭、フランスでルヌービエによって悪の問題解決のための実践哲学としてなされた。同時期にドイツでシュテルンによって個体的差異の心理学の基礎的補完物として、アメリカでバウンらによって人格神と諸人格の社会のみを実在者とする思想として、提唱された。その後、アメリカでは実存主義と言語分析との興隆まで連続的発展をみ、ついで新勢力の成果を取り込んで生き延びようとした。またフランスでは改めてカトリシズムを背景に、だが柔軟に、ムーニエの『エスプリ』誌に拠(よ)る運動のなかで、諸国の思想家とも連携しつつ、実存主義的流れ(ベルジャーエフ、ランズバーグ、リクール、ネドンセルら)、マルキシズム的流れ、カンティスムと合流した伝統的唯心論的流れ(ラシエーズ・レイ、ナベール、ル・センヌ、マディニエ、ラクロワら)を、人格概念の擁護と社会参加の要請とにおいて糾合する一大思潮となった。人格主義は独自な個性を認めぬ国家主義、孤立し他者に開かれぬ個人主義、人間の生の諸条件を直視せぬ精神主義を敵視する。 [松永澄夫] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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