Sylvester, James Joseph

Japanese: シルベスター（英語表記）Sylvester， James Joseph

Born: September 3, 1814, London
[Died] March 15, 1897, London British mathematician. Graduated from John's College, Cambridge (1831). Professor at University College, London (38). Invited to be professor at the University of Virginia in the United States for a time (41), he returned to London four years later and worked as an insurance salesman and private tutor (he taught F. Nightingale and others). Unable to find work as a mathematics teacher, he studied at law school and qualified as a lawyer (50). Professor at the British Military Academy (55-70). He returned to the United States and became professor at Johns Hopkins University (76-83). Returning to the United States, he became professor at Oxford University (83). During this time, he established the theory of matrices and algebraic invariants with A. Cayley. Originally an algebraist, he left behind outstanding research in number theory. His works are characterized by powerful imagination and ingenuity. He is also known for founding the "American Journal of Mathematics" while at Johns Hopkins University. His writings are collected in "The Collected Mathematical Papers of J. J. Sylvester" (4 volumes, 1904-12).

Sylvester
Sylvester, Joshua

Born: 1563. Kent
Died: September 28, 1618, Middleburg, Netherlands English poet and translator. His translation of the works of the French religious poet du Bartas, Divine Weeks and Works (completed in 1608), is famous for influencing Milton's Paradise Lost.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1814.9.3. ロンドン
[没]1897.3.15. ロンドン
イギリスの数学者。ケンブリッジのジョンズ・カレッジ卒業 (1831) 。ロンドンのユニバーシティ・カレッジ教授 (38) 。一時アメリカのバージニア大学の教授に招かれた (41) が，4年後ロンドンに帰り，保険会社の外交員や個人教授などをした (F.ナイチンゲールなども教えた) 。数学教師の職がなく，法律学校に学んで弁護士の資格を取る (50) 。イギリスの士官学校教授 (55～70) 。再びアメリカに渡ってジョンズ・ホプキンズ大学教授 (76～83) 。帰国してオックスフォード大学教授 (83) 。この間，A.ケーリーとともに，行列や代数的不変式の理論を確立した。彼はもともと代数学者であり，数論においてすぐれた研究を残した。彼の著作は力強い想像力と創意によって特徴づけられている。また彼はジョンズ・ホプキンズ大学時代に"American Journal of Mathematics"を創刊したことで知られる。著書は"The Collected Mathematical Papers of J. J. Sylvester" (4巻，1904～12) に収められている。