Born June 19, 1964. New York, New York, United States. British journalist and politician. Prime Minister (in office 2019-). Full name Alexander Boris de Pfeffel Johnson. Born and raised in New York, he moved to the UK via Brussels, where he was awarded a scholarship to Eton College, and studied Classics at Balliol College, Oxford. In 1987, he became a reporter for The Times (→The London Times), but was fired for fabricating quotes. From 1989 to 1994, he was the European Community (EC) (from 1993 the European Union (EU)) correspondent for The Daily Telegraph. In 1994, he became a political columnist for the weekly magazine The Spectator, and in 1999, he became editor-in-chief, a position he held until 2005. During that time, in 2001, he became a member of the House of Commons. In July 2007, he ran in the London mayoral election, and in May 2008, he won by a narrow margin and became mayor. He was re-elected in 2012 and served as mayor until 2016. In 2015, he was re-elected as a member of the House of Commons and became a leading figure in the "leave" camp leading up to the referendum on the UK's withdrawal from the EU ("Brexit"). In the referendum held on June 23, 2016, about 52% of voters supported withdrawal, and David Cameron resigned as prime minister. Theresa May, who succeeded him as prime minister, appointed Johnson as foreign secretary. However, in July 2018, the Minister for Exiting the EU resigned, saying that May's withdrawal negotiations were too concessions and he could not continue in his position, and Johnson followed suit and resigned as foreign secretary. In May 2019, when May announced her resignation due to the deadlock in the withdrawal negotiations, Johnson ran in the Conservative Party leadership election, was elected as leader in July of the same year, and became prime minister. Johnson
Johnson, Philip Cortelyou Born: July 8, 1906 in Cleveland, Ohio
[Died] January 25, 2005. New Canaan, Connecticut. American architect. After studying classics and philosophy at Harvard University, he published The International Style, Architecture since 1922 (1932), a book he co-authored with Henry-Russell Hitchcock, based on the knowledge he gained from his travels in Europe. This book not only popularized the term "international style," but also contributed to the rise of architectural activity in the 1930s. From 1932 to 1954, he was the first director of the architecture department at the Museum of Modern Art in New York. In 1933, he organized the exhibition "America: Birth of the Skyscraper" and an exhibition of industrial design, which played a groundbreaking role in the spread of modern architecture. During this time, he studied architecture under Marcel Breuer at Harvard University Graduate School, and began designing after 1945. His early works show strong influences from Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, but he later added a more classical style and more heavy forms from romanticism. He received the American Institute of Architects Gold Medal in 1978 and the Pritzker Architecture Prize in 1979. His representative works include his own Glass House (1949, New Canaan), the Seagram Building (1958, New York, in collaboration with Mies van der Rohe), the Amon Carter Museum of Art (1961, Fort Worth), the Museum of Modern Art Extension and Sculpture Courtyard (1964), the New York State Theatre (1964, New York, Lincoln Center, in collaboration with Richard Foster), and the AT&T Headquarters (1984, New York). Johnson
Jonson, Ben (jamin) Born: June 11, 1572, London
[Died] August 6, 1637. London. English playwright, poet, and critic. Raised by a bricklayer's stepfather, he was unable to attend university, but thanks to the kindness of historian W. Camden, he acquired a deep classical knowledge. After serving in the Netherlands as a soldier, he began writing plays for impresario Henslowe around 1597. Although he had an incident where he killed a fellow actor in a duel and narrowly escaped the death penalty, he gained a literary reputation after Every Man in His Humour was performed by Shakespeare's troupe in 1598. He was soon embroiled in a conflict between playwrights known as the "Theatre Wars," but in 1605 his Masque of Blackness was performed at the Royal Court, and together with set designer I. Jones, he created the golden age of court masques. He also produced masterpieces of satirical comedy exposing human materialism and stupidity at the public theater, such as Volpone (1606), Epicoene, or The Silent Woman (09), and The Alchemist (10). He also produced a collection of criticism, Timber or Discoveries (published in 1640), and a collection of poems, The Forest (16). As a follower of classicism and possessed of a powerful intellect, he had a great influence on the theatrical and literary world of his time. In 1616, he was pensioned by James I, effectively becoming the first Poet Laureate. Johnson
Johnson, Samuel Born 18 September 1709 in Lichfield, Staffordshire
[died] 13 December 1784, London. British poet, critic, essayist and lexicographer. Born to a bookseller, he went to Oxford University but dropped out due to poverty. After working as a substitute teacher at an elementary school, he went to London at the age of 28 and wrote the satirical poem London (1738) and edited magazines, while completing the two-volume Dictionary of the English Language (55) on his own. He is famous for his scathing letter (7 February 55) to the Earl of Chesterfield, who refused to give him financial support. He gained fame as a writer with his moral novel Rasselas (59), and formed a "Literary Club" with painters, writers and actors such as J. Reynolds, Goldsmith and D. Garrick, and became a great figure in the literary world, widely respected. As a critic, he is known for his The Lives of the English Poets (79-81) and his essay on Shakespeare, written as a preface to The Collected Works of Shakespeare (65). Boswell's Life of Johnson (91) gives a good account of his character. Although he was a staunch conservative in some ways, he also had a rich human feeling and was widely known as Dr. Johnson. Johnson
Johnson, Magic Born August 14, 1959 in Lansing, Michigan. American basketball player. Real name Earvin Johnson, Jr. Led the Los Angeles Lakers to five NBA championships. Nicknamed "Magic" due to his creative and entertaining ball handling. In 1977, he led his high school team to a state championship, and in 1979, he led the Michigan State University team to the NCAA Championship. In 1979, he joined the Lakers. He led his team to five championships in 1980, 1982, 1985, 1987, and 1988, and was named the regular season MVP in 1987, 1989, and 1990. He played as a point guard and made the position more versatile than ever before. In 1991, he retired due to HIV infection, but at that time his 9,921 assists were the most in NBA history. He played as a member of the Dream Team at the 1992 Barcelona Olympic Games, winning a gold medal for the United States. In 1994, he served as head coach of the Lakers for a short time, returning to active duty for the 1995-96 season. In 2002, he was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame. Johnson
Johnson, Lyndon Baines Born: August 27, 1908, Gillesby, Texas
[Died] January 22, 1973. San Antonio, Texas. American politician. 36th President (in office 1963-69). Graduated from Southwest Texas Educational University in 1930. Ran for the House of Representatives as a Democrat and won in 1937, and became a Senator in 1949. Under the Republican administration of Eisenhower, he demonstrated his excellent skills in political negotiations and party maneuvering as the Leader of the Opposition, and solidified his party's leadership position. In 1961, he became Vice President in the administration of J. Kennedy. Following Kennedy's assassination in 1963, he became President, and won the presidential election in 1964. He promoted domestic issues such as civil rights policies for African-Americans under the slogan "Great Society," but he was heavily criticized both at home and abroad for his involvement in the Vietnam War, which led to the Gulf of Tonkin incident in August 1964 and the start of the bombing of the North in February the following year. As a result, in March 1968 he announced that he would not run in the presidential election, and retired from politics when his term expired in January of the following year. Johnson
Johnson, Andrew Born: December 29, 1808 in Raleigh, North Carolina
[Died] July 31, 1875. Born near Carter Station, Tennessee. American politician. 17th President (in office 1865-69). From 1843 to 1853 he was a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, from 1853 to 1857 he was Governor of Tennessee, and from 1857 to 1862 he was a U.S. Senator. In 1861 he opposed Tennessee's secession from the Union, leaving the majority of state politicians behind, and during the Civil War he supported the Union. After the war he became Vice President in 1865, and in April of the same year he became President after A. Lincoln's assassination. In implementing the Reconstruction Plan, he followed Lincoln's policy outline and adopted a lenient policy toward the reconstruction of the Southern states. As a result, he was criticized by the Republican radicals who were dominant in Congress, and in May 1868 he was put on a final vote for impeachment, but he escaped impeachment by just one vote. He was not nominated by the Republican Party in the presidential election that year, and in 1875 he was again a U.S. Senator. Johnson
Johnson, Paul Emanuel Born: February 9, 1898 in Connecticut
[Died] September 1, 1974.
A leading American psychologist of religion and pastoral counseling. He received his doctorates from Boston University and Cornell University. He taught at universities in China (1926-27) and at the Boston University School of Theology (1941-63), where he made pioneering contributions to the field of pastoral counseling. He came to Japan in 1963 and taught at Tokyo Theological University, Aoyama Gakuin University, Kwansei Gakuin University, Doshisha University, and other universities. He is a member of the Society for Religion and Mental Health, the Society for Clinical Pastoral Education, and the American Protestant Hospital Association. His main works include "Psychology of Religion" (45), "Psychology of Pastoral Care" (53), "Personality and Religion" (57), and "Person and Counselor" (67). Johnson
Johnson, Sir William Born: 1715. Smithtown, Meath
Died July 11, 1774. Superintendent of Indian Affairs in Johnstown, New York. Pioneer of the New York Colony. Emigrated to America from Ireland around 1737, and in 1739 began purchasing land on the north bank of the Mohawk River, becoming one of the largest landowners in the American colonies. After 1739, he married two Native American women and maintained close ties with Native Americans. In 1754, he became Superintendent of the League of Six Iroquois Nations, and in 1756, he became Superintendent of the Northern Indian Affairs. He played an active role in neutralizing Native Americans in the wars against France in North America and in promoting friendship with Britain. He also made efforts to pacify Pontiac's Rebellion in 1763, and contributed to the establishment of the Treaty of Fort Stanwix in 1768. Johnson
Johnson, Lionel Pigot Born 15 March 1867, Broadstairs, Kent
[Died] October 4, 1902, London. British poet and critic. Studied at Oxford University. Edited the magazine Wykehamist (1884-86) while a student. Converted to Catholicism in 1891, and contributed to The Spectator, The Academy, and other publications. In addition to Poems (95) and Ireland and Other Poems (97), he also wrote critical essays such as The Fools of Shakespeare (87) and The Art of Thomas Hardy (94). Johnson
Johnson, Ural Alexis Born October 17, 1908 in Falun, Kansas
[Died] March 24, 1997. Born in Raleigh, North Carolina. American diplomat. Worked at the US Embassy in Japan from 1935 to 1937, and served as vice consul in Seoul, Tianjin, and Mukden from 1937 to 1942. After World War II, he was appointed consul general in Yokohama from 1947 to 1950. He served as director of the Northeast Asia Bureau at the State Department from 1951 to 1953, ambassador to Czechoslovakia from 1953 to 1958, and deputy under secretary of state for political affairs from 1962 to 1966, before becoming ambassador to Japan from 1966 to 1968. He served as under secretary of state for political affairs from 1969 to 1973, and representative of the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT) from 1973 to 1977. He was known as a Japanophile. Johnson
Johnson, Hewlett [Born] 1874
[Died] 1966
Anglican clergyman and peace activist. He studied at Oxford and became a priest (1905). He was interested in social issues and published the magazine The Interpreter (05-24). He served as Dean of Manchester (24-31) and Dean of Canterbury. After World War II, he worked hard for the peace movement and was awarded the Stalin Peace Prize (50). He was called the "Red Dean of Canterbury." His main works include The Socialist Sixth of the World (40) and New Creative China (53). Johnson
Johnson, Richard Mentor Born: 1780. Near Louisville, Kentucky
Died November 19, 1850, Kentucky. American politician. Vice President under President M. Van Buren. Became a practicing lawyer in 1802. Member of the Kentucky State Legislature in 1804. Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1807 to 1819 and from 1829 to 1837. U.S. Senator from 1819 to 1829. As a Democrat, he staunchly supported President A. Jackson. In 1837 to 1841, he was recommended by the Senate in an unusual way and became Vice President, but the Democratic Party's opposition to him grew. He ran for president in 1840, but was defeated by Whig candidate J. Tyler. Johnson
Johnson, Douglas Wilson Born November 30, 1878 in Parkersburg, West Virginia.
Died: February 24, 1944. Sebring, Florida. American geomorphologist. Taught geology at Massachusetts Institute of Technology and physical geography at Harvard University, and later became a professor at Columbia University. A member of the Davis School, he was involved in research into river valley topography and coastal erosion, and left behind outstanding research on coastal topography. His main work was Shore Processes and Shoreline Development (1919). Johnson
Johnson, William Ernst Born: June 23, 1858, Cambridge
[Died] January 30, 1931.
British logician. He studied at Cambridge University, and from 1902 taught moral philosophy as a professor there. He defined the subject of logic as "analysis and criticism of thought," and considered it the normative science of all academic fields. He was also interested in economics, and studied utility theory, which had a great influence on Keynes. His main work is Logic (3 volumes, 1921-24). Johnson
Johnson, Robert [Birth] 1583
[Died] 1633. London. British composer. Served as lutenist to the English royal family from 1604 to 1633. In addition to lute songs, he composed incidental music for plays and virginal pieces. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
