Italian politician. He entered politics in 1882 and became Minister of Finance in the Crispi Cabinet in 1889. He became Prime Minister in 1892, but resigned the following year in 1893 after being embroiled in a corruption scandal involving the Bank of Rome. However, he served as Prime Minister from 1903 to 1905, 1906 to 1909, and 1911 to 1914, ushering in the so-called "Giolitti Era." The domestic politics of this period were characterized by the fact that he improved the conditions of the working class and promoted widespread industrialization while forming alliances between capitalists and workers in northern Italy, while at the same time cutting off the poor and defenseless classes in the south. He also established parliamentary politics by expanding the right to vote, and achieved the transition from a liberal state to a democratic state. In foreign affairs, he showed a desire to conquer Libya during the Italo-Turkish War (1911-1912), but in World War I he took a neutral stance and retired from the opposition, hoping to obtain the cession of the "unclaimed territories" through negotiations rather than war. During his fifth cabinet (1920-1922), he put an end to the workers' factory occupation struggle and normalized relations with Yugoslavia with the Treaty of Rapallo. However, in the chaos that followed the war, he created a situation that allowed the growth of fascist forces in order to prevent the advance of the Socialist Party. [Fusatoshi Fujisawa] [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
イタリアの政治家。1882年に政界に入り、1889年にはクリスピ内閣の蔵相となる。1892年に首相となるが、翌1893年にローマ銀行汚職事件に巻き込まれて辞任。しかし、1903~1905年、1906~1909年、1911~1914年に首相を務め、いわゆる「ジョリッティ時代」を現出した。この時代の内政の特徴は、北部イタリアの資本家と労働者間で提携を図りながら、労働者階級の状況を改善し、広範な工業化を進めたが、他方では南部の貧しい無防備な階層を切り捨てていったことである。また、選挙権拡大などによって、議会主義政治を確立し、自由主義国家から民主主義国家への移行を実現した。外交では、イタリア・トルコ戦争(1911~1912)でリビア征服に意欲を示したが、第一次世界大戦では中立の立場をとり、戦争ではなく交渉で「未回収地」の割譲を得ようと考えて野に下った。第五次内閣(1920~1922)で、労働者の工場占拠闘争を終息させ、ラパロ条約でユーゴスラビアとの関係を正常化した。しかし、大戦後の混乱のなかで、社会党の進出を阻止する目的から、ファシズム勢力の伸長を許す状況をつくった。 [藤澤房俊] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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