This is the name for both the sport of lifting stones as a test of strength or a contest of strength, and the stones themselves used as tools. It is also called Iwamochiishi, Omokaruishi, Sashiishi, etc. In the past, this sport was held all over Japan, and the stones used are still preserved in shrines, temples, and meeting halls all over the country. Most of the stones are round or oval in shape, and weigh from about 60 kg to over 200 kg. It is said that the sport involved holding such stones over one's head with both hands, carrying them on one's shoulders, walking while holding them in one's arms, or lying on one's back and supporting them with one's feet. Some chikaraishi also have inscriptions called "kiritsuke" that record the weight, the name of the stone, the name of the person who lifted it, and the date. The origin of Chikaraishi in Japan dates back to the Middle Ages, and it is said that there are two systems: one derived from divination by stones based on folk beliefs, and the other related to legends of great heroes, but the relationship between them and the absolute date is unclear. In the Edo period, Chikaraishi became popular as a strength contest among people whose occupations required physical strength. Then, from around the 1700s, it is said that it spread from Edo to the rest of the country as a somewhat stylized strength contest. The oldest of these Chikaraishi with a date recorded in a kiritsuki is the Chikaraishi in the grounds of Shien Shrine in Koto Ward, Tokyo, which has the date 1664 (Kanbun 4) engraved on it. After that, it was held in various places from the Meiji period to the early Showa period, but is now rarely held. Chikaraishi, in which people lift large stones as a test of strength or a test of strength, is held not only in Japan but also in various parts of the world. Among these, the stone-bearers of the Basque people who live near the border between Spain and France are famous for competing in strength contests in which they repeatedly lift up stones, some of which can weigh over 200 kg. Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information |
力試しや力比べとして石を持ちあげる競技,ならびにその用具として使う石そのものの両方に対する名称。磐持石,重軽(おもかる)石,サシイシなどとも呼ばれる。 かつては日本の各地で行われており,使用された石が今なお各地の神社仏閣や集会所などに残されている。石の多くは丸か楕円(だえん)の形をしており,重さは60kgくらいから200kgを超すものまで様々なものがある。このような石を両手で頭上にさしあげたり,肩にかついだり,抱きかかえて歩いたり,あおむけに寝て両足で支えたりして競技が行われたといわれている。また,力石の中には,重さ,石の銘,持ちあげた人の名,年月日などの記録を刻んだ〈切付(きりつけ)〉という印字のあるものもある。 日本における力石の起源は中世までさかのぼり,民間信仰にもとづく石占(いしうら)から派生したものと,大力豪傑の伝説にちなむものの2系統があるといわれているが,その先後関係や絶対年代については定かではない。江戸時代に入ると,力石は腕力を必要とする職業の人たちの間で力比べの競技として盛んになっていった。そして,1700年代ころからは,ある程度様式化した力持ち競技として,江戸から全国へと伝播(でんぱ)していったといわれている。これら力石の中で,年代が切付として残されている最も古いものは,東京都江東区の志演(しのぶ)神社境内にある力石であり,それには1664年(寛文4年)という年号が刻まれている。その後,明治から昭和初期にかけて各地で行われていたが,現在ではほとんど行われなくなっている。 力試しや力比べとして大きな石を持ちあげる力石は,日本以外にも世界の各地において行われている。その中でも,スペインとフランスの国境付近に住むバスク民族の石かつぎは,重いものになると200kgを超えるような石を何回もかつぎあげて力比べをすることで有名である。
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