Income redistribution - a simple tax

Japanese: 所得再分配 - しょとくさいぶんぱい

Redistribution of income based on some objective. Whether direct or indirect, economic policies all perform the function of income redistribution. Income redistribution policies, which have the original purpose of transferring income, are generally implemented to contribute to equal opportunity, guaranteeing a minimum standard of living, and stabilizing livelihoods. Examples include compulsory education, local allocation tax and national treasury disbursements, social security, and aid to less developed countries. On the other hand, income is also indirectly redistributed through full employment policies, public investment, or direct regulation and manipulation of market prices (public utility rate regulations, rice price supports, minimum wages, rent controls, import tariffs), as well as the raising and issuance of public financial resources (taxes, social insurance premiums, government bonds).

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

市場機構によって決定される所得の分配(所得分配)を，なんらかの目的に基づいて分配しなおすこと。経済政策は直接的であれ間接的であれ，いずれも所得再分配という機能を営んでいる。所得移転を本来の目的としている所得再分配政策は，一般に機会の均等，最低生活の保障，生活の安定に資するために講じられる。義務教育，地方交付税･国庫支出金，社会保障，低開発国援助などがその例である。他方，完全雇用政策･公共投資あるいは市場価格の直接規制･操作(公共料金規制，米価支持，最低賃金，家賃統制，輸入関税)，さらには公共財源の調達･発行(租税，社会保険料，国債)などによっても所得は間接的に再分配される。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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