Income - income

It refers to the remuneration received in exchange for the production factors such as labor, land, and capital provided for production in economic activities. Income is divided into personal income, corporate income, and government income. Personal income includes employee income such as wages and salaries, and property income such as rent, interest, and dividends. Corporate income and government income are also calculated in the same way as personal income. These incomes are calculated by aggregating them for the entire national economy to obtain national income, and by aggregating them for each production factor to obtain distributed national income. In national economic accounts, income is divided into employee income, property income, and corporate income, and distributed national income is obtained by deducting interest on debt from the total. Per capita national income is calculated by dividing this by the population. Personal disposable income is calculated by deducting tax burdens such as income tax and social insurance premiums from personal income. Since personal disposable income ultimately determines savings and consumption, its trends have been attracting attention recently along with per capita national income.

[Hiroo Suzuki]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

経済活動に参加し生産のために提供した労働・土地・資本などの生産要素の代価として受け取る報酬をいう。所得には個人所得、企業所得、政府所得がある。個人所得には賃金・給与などの雇用者所得と、地代・利子・配当などの財産所得がある。企業所得、政府所得も個人所得に準じて把握される。これらの所得を国民経済全体について集計すると国民所得が得られ、生産要素ごとに集計すると分配国民所得が得られる。国民経済計算では、雇用者所得、財産所得、企業所得に区別し、これらの合計から負債利子を控除して分配国民所得を得ている。これを人口で割ったものが1人当り国民所得である。また、個人所得から所得税・社会保険料などの税負担を控除したものが個人可処分所得である。個人可処分所得は貯蓄や消費量を最終的に規定するところから、最近では1人当り国民所得とともに、その動向が注目されている。

［鈴木博夫］

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