Coastal cargo handling - Engannyaku

Japanese: 沿岸荷役 - えんがんにやく

…Depending on the location of the ship's anchorage, offshore loading and unloading is divided into offshore loading and unloading, where the ship is anchored offshore and cargo is transported using barges or pipelines, and berthing, where the ship is directly alongside the shore such as a wharf, and when barges are used, offshore loading and unloading is also called barge loading and unloading. In addition, loading and unloading in a shed, between the shore and a barge, on vehicles on land, and at various loading and unloading points is called coastal loading and unloading, and includes the transportation of cargo between sheds and warehouses and the loading of cargo into warehouses. In general, offshore loading and unloading is carried out in ports where the water is shallow along the coast and there are no or insufficient piers or wharves where ships can be docked, but loading and unloading at sea lacks safety and reliability, and has the disadvantage that loading and unloading cannot be done during high waves, and loading and unloading must be done twice, between the ship and the barge and between the barge and the shore, which takes a lot of time and money. …

From [Dock Workers]

...The job involves unloading and unloading cargo from ships. There are two types of cargo handling: offshore, where cargo is transferred from a ship anchored in the port to a barge (or from a barge to the ship), and coastal, where cargo is unloaded from a ship or barge to a truck or loading area at a quay or pier (or the opposite direction). Workers who perform offshore cargo handling are also called stevedores.

*Some of the terms used in this document are related to "coastal loading and unloading".

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…船の停泊場所の関係から，船を沖合に停泊させ，はしけやパイプラインを利用して貨物の輸送を行う沖荷役と，船を岸壁などの陸岸に直接横付けして荷役を行う接岸荷役とに分けられ，沖荷役のうちはしけを使用する場合をはしけ荷役ということもある。また上屋（うわや）内，陸岸とはしけの間，陸上の車両，各種積卸場における積卸作業は沿岸荷役と呼ばれ，これには上屋･倉庫間の貨物の輸送，倉庫への搬入作業も含まれる。　一般に沖荷役は，沿岸部の水深が浅く，また船の接岸ができる桟橋や岸壁がないか，もしくは不足している港で行われるが，海上での荷役は安全･確実性に欠け，高波のときには荷役できない欠点があるほか，船とはしけの間の荷役，はしけと陸岸の間の荷役の2回の荷役作業を行わねばならず，時間と費用とが著しくかかる。…